Types of OS

Table Contents
 Definition
 Introduction
 Types of Operating System
 Examples of Operating System
 Conclusion

2
 Definition

An operating
system (OS)
manages all other
applications and
programs in a
computer, and it
is loaded into the
computer by a
boot program. 3
 Introduction

• It enables applications to interact with a

computer’s hardware. Through a designated
application programme interface, the
application programmes request services from
the operating system (API).
• The kernel is the software that contains the
operating system’s core components. To run
other programmes, every computer has to
have at least one operating system installed.
4
Functions of Operating System
Memory Management
Processor Management/Scheduling
Device Management
File Management
Storage Management

5
Types of Operating System-Interactive (GUI
Based
• Before learning about the types of
operating system (GUI-based), let us
know about the operating system and
GUI.
• Operating System
• An operating system (OS) is a program
that acts as an interface between the
system hardware and the user.
Moreover, it handles all the interactions
between the software and the 6

hardware.
Types of Operating System-Interactive (GUI
Based
• The different types of operating system on the basis of GUI are as
follows:
• Microsoft Windows
• Microsoft Windows is one of the most common graphical OS. It is
developed and marketed by Microsoft.
• Its common name is windows or win.
• The current version of Microsoft Windows is Windows 10,11.
• Moreover, it has several earlier versions like Windows XP, Windows 8,
Windows 7, etc. Besides, the most common editions for home
computers are Windows Home (Win Home) and Windows Professional
(Win Pro or Windows Pro)
• The first version of Microsoft
Windows was released in
1985.
• Earlier, windows used the
command line operating
system, MS-DOS 7
Types of Operating System-Interactive (GUI
Based
• Linux
• Linux is a popular operating system. It is not a part of any
particular firm or organization. Rather, it was developed by a
programmer Linus Torvalds in 1991
• It is an open-source operating system. Moreover, Today,
LINUX is run in many organizations, private offices, on
mobiles, supercomputers, over the internet, etc. Therefore,
we can say that it is one of the most popular OS today.
• It already contains almost all the features of UNIX OS.
Moreover, it also has some additional features. Moreover, It
contains a variety of user interfaces like GNOME, KDE,
Mate, Cinnamon, etc. In addition to this, it has several
versions of distributions as follows UBUNTU, DEBIAN,
SOLAS, LINUX MINT, etc.
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Types of Operating System-Interactive (GUI
Based
• Android
It is one of the most common versions of the
operating system today. It is basically used on
mobile phones and tablets. Most versions of it
are an open-source OS.
• Apple iOS
After android, it is one of the most popular OS. It is designed to
run on Apple devices such as iPhones, iPad tablets, etc.

• Apple macOS
It is the operating system used in Apple laptops
and Apple desktops. Moreover, Its most popular
features are Siri and FaceTime.
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10
 Types of Operating System
Batch OS
• Batch OS is the first operating system for
second-generation computers. This OS does
not directly interact with the computer.
• Instead, an operator takes up similar jobs and
groups them together into a batch, and then
these batches are executed one by one based
on the first-come, first, serve principle.

●●●
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 Types of Operating System
Batch OS
In this system, the OS does not
forward the jobs/tasks directly to the
CPU. It works by grouping together
similar types of jobs under one
category. Further, we name this
group as a ‘batch’. Hence, the name
batch OS.
Examples are the payroll system,
bank statement, etc. ●●●
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 Types of Operating System
Time Sharing Operating System
It allows the user to perform more than
one task at a time, each task getting the
same amount of time to execute. Hence,
the name time sharing OS. Moreover, it is
an extension of multiprogramming
systems. In multiprogramming systems,
the aim is to make the maximum use of
the CPU. On the other hand, here the aim
is to achieve the minimum response time
of CPU. ●●●
13
Examples are UNIX etc.
 Types of Operating System
Time Sharing Operating System
• It is the division of CPU time for each process when more than one task are
given by the user.
• A short duration of time is chosen for each process. Moreover, this time
duration is very small in the order of 10-100 milliseconds. This time
duration is known as time slot, time slice, or quantum.
• Suppose three processes namely, P1, P2, and P3 are running on the
system. Now, suppose that the quantum is 4 nanoseconds (ns). Now, they
will execute in the following manner.
• Process P1 will execute for 4 ns, as soon a sit gets over, process p2 starts
executing for a duration of 4 ns. Further, when p2 gets complete process
P3 executes for 4ns. This process continues till all the processes gets
complete.
• InState:
Active this This
way, only
is the stateone
of theprocess runs
process which at a time but, the switching between the
is currently
processing on the CPU.
processes Only, one
is very process
fast. Hence,is in the
theactive
userstate at a time.
feels that all the processes are
Ready State: In this state,
running at the same time.the process is ready for execution but, it is
waiting for its turn to use the CPU. More than one process can be in the
ready state at a time.
Waiting State: In this state, the process is not ready for execution. It is
waiting for some input/output process to get complete. ●●●
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 Types of Operating System
Distributed OS
• A distributed OS is a recent advancement in the
field of computer technology and is utilized all over
the world that too with great pace. In a distributed
OS, various computers are connected through a
single communication channel.
• These independent computers have their memory
unit and CPU and are known as loosely coupled
systems.
• In this system, there is more than one CPU present. The OS distributes
the tasks among all the processors. The processors do not share any
memory or clock time. OS handles all communication between them
●●●
through various communication lines. 15
 Types of Operating System
Types of Distributed Operating System
There are mainly two types,
1. Client/Server Systems
In this system, the client requests the server for a resource. On the
other hand, the server provides this resource to the client. One
client contacts only a single server at a time. Whereas a single
server can deal with multiple clients simultaneously. The clients and
servers connect through a computer network in the system.
2. Peer to Peer Systems
In this system, the nodes play an important role. All the work
equally divides among the nodes. Furthermore, these nodes can
share data or resources as per the requirement. Again, they require
a network to connect.

Examples of Distributed Operating System

Few examples of a distributed OS are as follows:
• AIX operating system for IBM RS/6000 computers.
• Solaris operating system for SUN multiprocessor workstations. ●●●
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• Mach/OS is a multitasking and multithreading UNIX compatible operating
 Types of Operating System
Multitasking OS
• The multitasking OS is also known as the
time-sharing operating system as each task is
given some time so that all the tasks work
efficiently.
• This system provides access to a large
number of users, and each user gets the time
of CPU as they get in a single system.

●●●
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 Types of Operating System
Network OS
• Network operating systems are the systems
that run on a server and manage all the
networking functions.
• They allow sharing of various files,
applications, printers, security, and other
networking functions over a small network of
computers like LAN or any other private
network.
• Examples are UNIX, LINUX, ●●●
Microsoft Windows Server 2008, 18
 Types of Operating System
Real-Time OS (RTOS)
• Real-Time operating systems serve real-time systems.
• These operating systems are useful when many events occur in a
short time or within certain deadlines, such as real-time
simulations.
In these systems, the time interval for processing and
responding to inputs is very small. Therefore, due to this
quality, these are used in real-time situations. For
example in missile systems, robots, etc.
They have two categories as follows:
a) Hard Real-Time Systems
In this, the time constraint is very short and strict. Even
seconds of delay is not acceptable.
b) Soft Real-Time Systems
In this, the time constraint is not so short and strict. ●●●
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 Types of Operating System
Mobile OS
• A mobile OS is an operating system for
smartphones, tablets, and PDA’s. It is a
platform on which other applications can run
on mobile devices.
• Some of mobile operating systems give poor
battery quality to users.
• Some of the mobile operating systems are
not user-friendly.

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 Examples of Operating System
Microsoft Windows
• It is a series of graphical operating systems
developed, marketed, and sold by Microsoft.
The first version of Windows was released in
1985 as a GUI add-on to MS-DOS.
• The first version of Windows sold as a
standalone operating system was Windows
95.

●●●
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 Examples of Operating System
macOS
• It is a series of graphical operating systems
developed by Apple Inc.
• It is the successor to Mac OS X, and it is the
operating system that powers Apple’s Mac
family of computers.

●●●
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 Examples of Operating System
Linux
• Linux is built around the Linux kernel and is a
free and open-source software OS. It is one
of the most popular operating systems for
servers and embedded devices.
• It is also used by millions of desktop users
around the world.

●●●
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 Examples of Operating System
Android
• It is a mobile OS developed by Google.
• It is based on the Linux kernel and designed
primarily for touchscreen mobile devices
such as smartphones and tablets.

●●●
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 Examples of Operating System
iOS
• Another example of a mobile OS developed
by Apple Inc.
• iOs is the successor to iPhone OS. It is an
operating system that powers the iPhone,
iPad, and iPod Touch products.

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 Popular Mobile Operating System
1. Android OS
The Android OS is the most common operating system among the mobile operating system.
Furthermore, Google is the developer of Android. Moreover, it is an open source and free
operating system. This OS is based on the Linux kernel. The name for every new version of
update is based on ‘desserts’ for example Cupcake, Donut, Eclair, Oreo, Kitkat, etc.
2. Bada
Samsung is the launcher of this operating system. It came into market in 2010. Moreover, it
includes features like 3-D graphics, application installation, multipoint touch etc.
3. Blackberry OS
The developer of this operating system is Reasearch In Motion (RIM). It was specifically
designed for blackberry devices. Furthermore, it is useful for corporate users.
4. Apple iOS
After android, it is one of the most popular OS. It is designed to run on Apple devices such
as iPhones, iPad tablets, etc. Moreover, like the android devices have the playstore for apps
download. Likewise, apple iOS contains the app store. Also, it has very strong security
features.
5. Windows Mobile Operating System
The developer of this OS is Microsoft. It is basically designed for pocket PCs and
smartphones. Moreover, it has the features of computer based Windows OS and additional
features for mobile phones. 26
 Popular Mobile Operating System
6. Symbian OS
Symbian Ltd. is the developer of this OS. Moreover, Nokia was the first to use this OS on its
mobile phones. Furthermore, it provides high level integration with communication. This
OS is based on java language.
7. Harmony OS
It is a latest OS moreover, Huawei is its developer. It is specifically designed for use in IoT
devices.
8. Palm OS
Its other name is Garnet OS. Furthermore, Palm Ltd. is its developer which developed this
OS for use in Personal Digital Assisstants (PADs).
9. WebOS
Palm Ltd is its developer. Moreover, it is based on Linux kernel and HP uses it in its mobile
devices and touchpads.

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 Conclusion
 An operating system is the most important
software that runs on a computer. It manages the
computer's memory and processes, as well as all
of its software and hardware.
 It also allows you to communicate with the
computer without knowing how to speak the
computer's language.

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