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Stepper Motor

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14 views10 pages

Stepper Motor

Uploaded by

kedarprathmesh59
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Stepper Motor

A stepper motor is a type of electric motor that converts digital pulses


into mechanical rotation. It is a versatile and precise device used in a
wide range of applications, from 3D printers to CNC machines.
Introduction to Stepper Motors
1 Precise Positioning 2 Open-Loop Control 3 Versatile Applications
Stepper motors can rotate in Stepper motors operate in an Stepper motors are used in a
precise increments, allowing for open-loop control system, variety of devices, including
accurate control of position and without feedback sensors, printers, CNC machines, robotic
velocity. making them simple and cost- systems, and more.
effective.
Principles of Stepper Motor
Operation
1 Stator Windings
The stator of a stepper motor contains multiple windings that
are energized in a specific sequence to create a rotating
magnetic field.

2 Rotor Interaction
The rotor, made of permanent magnets, aligns with the rotating
magnetic field, causing the motor to rotate in discrete steps.

3 Step Angle
The step angle, determined by the motor's design, defines the
angular rotation per step, allowing for precise positioning.
Types of Stepper Motors
Permanent Magnet Variable Reluctance Hybrid

Permanent magnet stepper motors Variable reluctance stepper motors Hybrid stepper motors combine the
use a rotor made of a permanent have a soft iron rotor that aligns with features of permanent magnet and
magnet, providing high torque at low the stator's magnetic field. variable reluctance motors, offering
speeds. high torque and precision.
Interfacing Stepper Motors
with Microcontrollers
Microcontroller
The microcontroller generates the digital pulses to control
the stepper motor's step sequence.

Driver Circuit
The driver circuit amplifies the microcontroller's signals to
provide the necessary current to the motor windings.

Stepper Motor
The stepper motor responds to the sequence of pulses
from the driver circuit, rotating in precise increments.
Unipolar vs. Bipolar Stepper Motors
Unipolar Bipolar Trade-offs
Unipolar stepper motors have two Bipolar stepper motors have a The choice between unipolar and
windings per phase, allowing for single winding per phase, bipolar stepper motors depends
simpler drive circuitry but lower requiring more complex drive on the specific application and its
torque. circuitry but offering higher requirements.
torque.
Step Sequencing Algorithms
1 Full Step
Full step sequencing is the simplest method, energizing
one phase at a time to produce the maximum step
angle.

2 Half Step
Half step sequencing alternates between energizing
one phase and two phases, reducing the step angle by
half.

3 Microstepping
Microstepping techniques use intermediate current
levels to achieve even smaller step angles, providing
finer position control.
Stepper Motor Control Techniques
Open-Loop Control Closed-Loop Control Hybrid Control

Open-loop control relies on the Closed-loop control uses feedback Hybrid control combines open-loop
accuracy of the step sequencing, from a position sensor to monitor and closed-loop techniques to
without any feedback from the the motor's actual position and achieve a balance of simplicity and
motor's position. make adjustments. precision.
Programming Stepper Motors in
Embedded Systems

Stepper Motor Libraries


Utilize pre-built software libraries to simplify the programming of stepper motors in
embedded systems.

Step Sequencing
Implement step sequencing algorithms to control the motor's rotation speed, direction, and
step angle.

Feedback Mechanisms
Integrate position sensors or encoders for closed-loop control, enabling precise positioning
and speed regulation.
THANK YOU

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