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Data Structures and Algorithms in Java

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24 views

Data Structures and Algorithms in Java

Uploaded by

aniketmaurya2603
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
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MINI PROJECT

Submitted By:
Submitted To: NAME-Aman kandari
MISS STUTI BHAT ROLL NUMBER :56
B-TECH CSE
SECTION: CSE-I
Data Structures and
Algorithms in Java
Data structures and algorithms are fundamental building blocks of
software development, enabling efficient organization and
processing of information. Understanding these concepts is crucial
for writing effective, performant, and scalable code.
Introduction to Data
Structures
Organizing Data Efficient Operations
Data structures are They enable optimized
fundamental building data access, modification,
blocks for organizing and and retrieval operations.
managing data efficiently.

Code Structure
Choosing the right data structure can significantly impact
code performance and scalability.
Arrays and Linked Lists
Arrays Linked Lists

Arrays store data in contiguous memory locations. They Linked lists store data in nodes connected through
offer constant-time access to elements. pointers. They are dynamic and can grow or shrink as
needed.
Inserting or deleting elements in the middle can be
time-consuming, requiring shifting elements. Elements can be inserted or deleted efficiently, but
accessing elements requires traversing the list.
Stacks and Queues
Stacks Queues
Stacks operate on a Last-In, Queues operate on a First-
First-Out (LIFO) principle. In, First-Out (FIFO) principle.
Elements are added and Elements are added to the
removed from the top. rear and removed from the
front.
Trees and Binary Trees

Tree
1 A hierarchical data structure with a root node and branches.

Binary Tree
2
A tree where each node has at most two children.

Binary Search Tree


3 A binary tree where nodes are ordered, facilitating
efficient searching.
Sorting Algorithms
Bubble Sort Insertion Sort Selection Sort
Compares adjacent elements Builds a sorted array by Finds the minimum element
and swaps them if they are in inserting elements into their and swaps it with the first
the wrong order. Simple but correct position in the sorted element. Repeats for the
inefficient for large datasets. portion. Efficient for nearly remaining unsorted portion.
sorted data. Inefficient for large datasets.

Merge Sort Quick Sort


Divides the array into halves, sorts each half Selects a pivot element, partitions the array around
recursively, and merges the sorted halves. Efficient the pivot, and recursively sorts the partitions.
but uses extra memory. Efficient in practice, but performance can vary.
Searching Algorithms
Linear Search Binary Search

Examines each element sequentially until the target is Efficiently searches a sorted array by repeatedly
found. Simple but inefficient for large datasets. dividing the search interval in half. Requires sorted
data.
Graph Algorithms

Shortest Path Minimum Spanning Tree


Finds the shortest route Connects all nodes with
between two nodes, like minimum total edge weight, like
Dijkstra's algorithm. Kruskal's algorithm.

Depth-First Search (DFS) Breadth-First Search (BFS)


Traverses a graph by exploring Explores a graph level by level,
as far as possible along each visiting all neighbors at a given
branch before backtracking. distance before moving to the
next level.
Time and Space Complexity
Time Complexity
1
Measures how long an algorithm takes to run, based on the input size.

Space Complexity
2
Measures the amount of memory an algorithm uses, based on the input size.

Big O Notation
3 A mathematical notation used to express the growth
rate of time and space complexity.
Practical Applications and
Best Practices

1 2
Problem-Solving Performance Optimization
Data structures and algorithms Choosing appropriate data structures
provide efficient solutions to complex and algorithms can significantly
problems. improve code performance.

3 4
Code Reusability Design Patterns
Understanding common data Implement common design patterns
structures and algorithms promotes that leverage data structures and
code reusability. algorithms effectively.

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