Python Data Types
& Data Structures
6.3.1 Numbers
The Number data type is used for storing numeric values. Numbers in
Python are immutable, meaning any modification results in a new object.
Examples include integers, floating-point numbers, and complex numbers.
# Integer
a=5
print(type(a)) # Output: <class 'int'>
# Floating Point
b = 2.5
print(type(b)) # Output: <class 'float'>
# Complex Number
y = 2 + 3j
print(type(y)) # Output: <class 'complex'>
print(y.real) # Output: 2.0
print(y.imag) # Output: 3.0
6.3.2 Strings
• A String is a sequence of characters. Strings can be of any length,
including empty strings. Strings are immutable in Python.
# Creating a string
s = "Hello World!"
print(type(s)) # Output: <class 'str'>
# String concatenation
t = "This is a sample program."
print(s + " " + t) # Output: Hello World! This is a sample program.
# Getting length of a string
print(len(s)) # Output: 12
# Convert string to integer
x = "100"
y = int(x)
print(y) # Output: 100
• # Convert to upper/lower case
• print(s.upper()) # Output: HELLO WORLD!
• print(s.lower()) # Output: hello world!
• # Accessing sub-strings
• print(s[6:]) # Output: World!
• print(s[:5]) # Output: Hello
6.3.3 Lists
A List is a compound data type that stores multiple items, which can be of different types. Lists are mutable, so
elements can be added, removed, or modified.
# Creating a list
fruits = ["apple", "orange", "banana", "mango"]
print(type(fruits)) # Output: <class 'list'>
print(len(fruits)) # Output: 4
# Accessing elements
print(fruits[1]) # Output: orange
# Appending and removing elements
fruits.append("pear")
print(fruits) # Output: ['apple', 'orange', 'banana', 'mango', 'pear']
fruits.remove("mango")
print(fruits) # Output: ['apple', 'orange', 'banana', 'pear']
6.3.4 Tuples
A Tuple is similar to a list, but it is immutable, meaning elements cannot be
changed once assigned. Tuples are typically used for fixed collections of items.
# Creating a tuple
fruits = ("apple", "mango", "banana", "pineapple")
print(type(fruits)) # Output: <class 'tuple'>
print(len(fruits)) # Output: 4
# Accessing elements
print(fruits[0]) # Output: apple
# Combining tuples
vegetables = ("potato", "carrot", "onion", "radish")
eatables = fruits + vegetables
print(eatables) # Output: ('apple', 'mango', 'banana', 'pineapple', 'potato', 'carrot', 'onion', 'radish')
6.3.5 Dictionaries
A Dictionary is a mapping data type that associates keys with values. Keys are unique, and values
can be of any data type. Dictionaries are mutable.
# Creating a dictionary
student = {"name": "Mary", "id": "8776", "major": "CS"}
print(type(student)) # Output: <class 'dict'>
print(len(student)) # Output: 3
# Accessing values by key
print(student["name"]) # Output: Mary
# Adding a new key-value pair
student["grade"] = "A"
print(student) # Output: {'name': 'Mary', 'id': '8776', 'major': 'CS', 'grade': 'A'}
# Checking if a key exists
print("name" in student) # Output: True
print("age" in student) # Output: False
6.3.6 Type Conversions
• Python supports conversion between different data types.
# Convert to string
a = 100
str_a = str(a)
print(str_a) # Output: '100'
# Convert to integer
b = "2013"
int_b = int(b)
print(int_b) # Output: 2013
# Convert to float
float_b = float(b)
print(float_b) # Output: 2013.0
• # Convert to list
• s = "apple"
• list_s = list(s)
• print(list_s) # Output: ['a', 'p', 'p', 'l', 'e']
• # Convert to set (removes duplicates)
• x = ["mango", "apple", "banana", "mango", "banana"]
• set_x = set(x)
• print(set_x) # Output: {'apple', 'mango', 'banana'}
