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Lecture 1

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Lecture 1

Lectureeeeee1

Uploaded by

ahstridclavecillas
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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POLICY ANALYSIS

PUB 108A
SY 2023-2024
DEFINITION

■ a technique used in public administration to


enable civil servants, activists, and others to examine
and evaluate the available options to implement the
goals of laws and elected officials. The process is also
used in the administration of large organizations with
complex policies. It has been defined as the process
of "determining which of various policies will achieve
a given set of goals in light of the relations between
the policies and the goals
2 Major Fields

1. Analysis of existing policy, 2. Analysis for new policy, which


which is analytical and is prescriptive – it is involved
descriptive – it attempts to with formulating policies and
explain policies and their proposals (for example: to
development improve social welfare)
Analysis for Policy VS Analysis of
Policy
1. The approach of 2. Analysis of policy is more of
analysis for policy refers to an academic exercise, conducted
research conducted for actual by academic researchers,
policy development, often professors and think tank
commissioned by policymakers researchers, who are often
inside the bureaucracy (e.g. civil seeking to understand why a
servants) within which the policy particular policy was developed
is developed. at a particular time and assess
the effects, intended or
otherwise, of that policy when it
was implemented.
3 Approaches

1. Analysis-centric

The analysis-centric (or "analycentric") approach focuses on individual


problems and their solutions. Its scope is the micro-scale and its problem
interpretation or problem resolution usually involves a technical solution.
The primary aim is to identify the most effective and efficient solution in
technical and economic terms (e.g. the most efficient allocation of
resources).
3
Approaches
2. Policy Process

The policy process approach puts its focal point


onto political processes and
involved stakeholders; its scope is the broader
meso-scale and it interprets problems using a
political lens (i.e., the interests and goals of
elected officials). It aims at determining what
processes, means and policy instruments
(e.g., regulation, legislation, subsidy) are used.

It explains the role and influence of stakeholders


within the policy process
3 Approaches

■ Meta-policy

The meta-policy approach is a systems and context approach; i.e., its


scope is the macro-scale and its problem interpretation is usually of a
structural nature. It aims at explaining the contextual factors of the
policy process; i.e., what the political, economic and socio-cultural
factors are that influence it. As problems may result because of
structural factors (e.g., a certain economic system or political institution),
solutions may entail changing. the structure itself
Methodology of Policy Analysis

■ Policy analysis uses both qualitative methods and quantitative


methods. Qualitative research includes case studies and interviews
with community members.
■ Quantitative research includes survey, research, statistical
analysis (also called data analysis) and model building.
■ A common practice is to define the problem and evaluation criteria;
identify and evaluate alternatives; and recommend a certain policy
accordingly. Promotion of the best agendas are the product of careful
"back-room" analysis of policies by a priori assessment and a
posteriori evaluation.
Dimensions for analyzing policies

There are six dimensions to policy analysis categorized as the effects and
implementation of the policy across a period of time.
Also collectively known as "Durability" of the policy, which means the
capacity in content of the policy to produce visible effective compatible
change or results over time with robustness
Effects (Dimensions)

What effects does the policy have on the targeted


Effectiveness
problem?

Unintended effects What are the unintended effects of this policy?

What are the effects of this policy on different


population groups?
Equity
Implementation
Cost What is the financial cost of this
policy?

Feasibility Is the policy technically feasible?

Acceptability Do the relevant policy stakeholders view


the policy as acceptable?
The Five E Approach Model
Effectiveness
How well does it work (or how well will it be predicted to work)?
Efficiency
How much work does or will it entail? Are there significant costs associated with
this solution, and are they worth it?
Ethical considerations
Is it ethically and morally sound? Are there unintended consequences?
Evaluations of alternatives
How good is it compared to other approaches? Have all the relevant other
approaches been considered?
Establishment of recommendations for positive change
What can actually be implemented? Is it better to amend, replace, remove, or
add a policy?
Framework of Policy Analysis

Policies are considered as frameworks


that can optimize the general well-
being. These are commonly analyzed
by legislative bodies and lobbyists.
Every policy analysis is intended to
bring an evaluative outcome. A
systemic policy analysis is meant for in
depth study for addressing a social
problem.
Steps in Policy Analysis
1. Defining the problem assessed by the policy.

2. Assessing policy objectives and its target populations.

3. Studying effects of the policy.

4. Policy implications: distribution of resources, changes in services rights


and statuses, tangible benefits.

5. Alternative policies: surveying existing and possible policy models that


could have addressed the problem better or parts of it which could make
it effective.
Thank you!

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