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Introduction To Database Management Systems

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11 views

Introduction To Database Management Systems

Uploaded by

SATHYA P
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Database

Management systems

A database is a collection of interrelated data that helps in the efficient


retrieval, insertion, and deletion of data from the database and organizes
the data in the form of tables, views, schemas, reports, etc. For Example,
a university database organizes the data about students, faculty, admin
staff
• What is DBMS?
• A Database Management System (DBMS) is a software system that is
designed to manage and organize data in a structured manner. It
allows users to create, modify, and query a database, as well as
manage the security and access controls for that database. DBMS
provides an environment to store and retrieve data in convenient and
efficient manner.
Types of DBMS

• Relational Database Management System (RDBMS): Data is organized


into tables (relations) with rows and columns, and the relationships
between the data are managed through primary and foreign keys. SQL
(Structured Query Language) is used to query and manipulate the data.
• NoSQL DBMS: Designed for high-performance scenarios and large-scale
data, NoSQL databases store data in various non-relational formats such
as key-value pairs, documents, graphs, or columns.
• Object-Oriented DBMS (OODBMS): Stores data as objects, similar to
those used in object-oriented programming, allowing for complex data
representations and relationships
Database Languages

• Data Definition Language


• Data Manipulation Language
• Data Control Language
• Transactional Control Language
Data Definition Language (DDL)

• DDL is the short name for Data Definition Language, which deals with database
schemas and descriptions, of how the data should reside in the database.
• CREATE: to create a database and its objects like (table, index, views, store
procedure, function, and triggers)
• ALTER: alters the structure of the existing database
• DROP: delete objects from the database
• TRUNCATE: remove all records from a table, including all spaces allocated for
the records are removed
• COMMENT: add comments to the data dictionary
• RENAME: rename an object
Data Manipulation Language
(DML)
• DML is the short name for Data Manipulation Language which deals
with data manipulation and includes most common SQL statements
such SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, etc., and it is used to store,
modify, retrieve, delete and update data in a database.
• Data query language(DQL) is the subset of “Data Manipulation
Language”. The most common command of DQL is SELECT statement.
SELECT statement help on retrieving the data from the table without
changing anything in the table.
• SELECT: retrieve data from a database
• INSERT: insert data into a table
• UPDATE: updates existing data within a table
• DELETE: Delete all records from a database table
• MERGE: UPSERT operation (insert or update)
• CALL: call a PL/SQL or Java subprogram
Data Control Language (DCL)

• DCL is short for Data Control Language which acts as an access


specifier to the database.(basically to grant and revoke permissions to
users in the database
Transactional Control Language
(TCL)
• Roll Back: Used to cancel or Undo changes made in the database
• Commit: It is used to apply or save changes in the database
• Save Point: It is used to save the data on the temporary basis in the
database
Data Query Language (DQL)

• Data query language(DQL) is the subset of “Data Manipulation


Language”. The most common command of DQL is 1the SELECT
statement. SELECT statement helps us in retrieving the data from the
table without changing anything or modifying the table. DQL is very
important for retrieval of essential data from a database.

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