HUMAN RIGHTS EDUCATION

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“HUMAN RIGHTS EDUCATION”

MR. PATRICK CABRERA, RCRIM

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HISTORY OF HUMAN RIGHTS

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HISTORY OF HUMAN RIGHTS

Cyrus the Great

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The first king of Persia, freed the slaves of Babylon, 539

B.C.
In 539 B.C the armies of Cyrus the Great, the first king of
ancient Persia, conquered the city of Babylon. But it was
his next action that marked a major advance for man. He
freed the slaves, declared that all people had the right
to choose their religion, and established racial equality.
These and other decrees were recorded on a baked- clay
cylinder in the Akkadian language with cuneiform script
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CYRUS CYLINDER
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This ancient record has now been recognized as

the world's first charter of human rights. It is
translated into all six official languages of the
United Nations and its provisions parallel the
first four articles of the Universal Declaration
of Human Rights.
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The Spread of Human Rights

The Spread of Human Rights From Babylon, the idea
of human rights spread quickly to India, Greece, and
eventually Rome. The concept of "natural law "arose,
in observation that people tended to follow certain
unwritten laws during life, and Roman Law was
based on rational ideas derived from the nature of
things.
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Documents asserting individual rights, such

as the Magna Carta (1215), the Petition of
Rights 1628), the US constitution (1787),
the French Declaration of the Rights of
Man and the Citizen (1789), and the U.S
Bill of Rights (1791) are the written
precursors to many of today’s human rights
documents.
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The Magna Carta (1215)

Magna Carta or Great Charter, signed by the king of England
in 1215, was a turning point in human rights.

The Magna Carta, or "Great Charter", was arguably the most

significant early influence on the extensive historical process
that led to the rule of constitutional Law today in the English-
speaking world
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In 1215, after King John of England violated several ancient

laws and customs by which England has been governed. His
subjects forced him to sign the Magna Carta, which
enumerates what later came to be thought of as human
rights. Among them was the right of the church to be free
from governmental interference, the right of all free citizens
to own and inherit property, and to be protected from
excessive taxes. It established the right of widows who
owned property to choose not to remarry and established
due process and equality principles before the Law. It also
contained provisions forbidding bribery and official
misconduct.
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Widely viewed as one of the most important legal

documents in the development of modern democracy, the
Magna Carta was a crucial point in the struggle to establish
freedom
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Petition of Right (1628)

In 1628 the English Parliament sent this statement of civil liberties to
King Charles I. The next recorded milestone in the development of
human rights was the Petition of Right, produced in 1628 by the English
Parliament and sent to Charles I as a statement of civil liabilities. Refusal
by Parliament to finance the king's unpopular foreign policy had caused
his government to exact forced loans and to quarter troops in subject
houses as an economic measure. Arbitrary arrest and imprisonment for
opposing these policies had produced in Parliament a violent hostility to
Charles and George Villiers, the Duke of Buckingham. The Petition of
Right, initiated by Sir Edward Coke, was based upon earlier statutes and
charters, and asserted four principles:
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a. No taxes may be levied without the consent of

Parliament in short no collection of taxes without the
consent of Congress or any approval came from the
Parliament.

b. No subject may be imprisoned without the cause shown

reaffirmation of the right of habeas corpus

c. No soldier may be quartered upon the citizenry, and

d. Martial Law may not be used in the time of peace

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United States Declaration of Independence (1776

In 1776, Thomas Jefferson penned the American Declaration of
Independence. On July 4, 1776, the United Congress approved the
Declaration of Independence. The primary author was Thomas
Jefferson he wrote the Declaration as a formal explanation Congress
has voted on July 2 to declare independence from Great Britain, more
than a year after the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War, and
as a statement announcing that the thirteen American colonies were
no longer a part of British Empire. Congress issued the Declaration of
Independence in several forms. It was initially published as a printed
broadsheet distributed and read to the public.
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Philosophically, the Declaration stressed two themes:

individual rights and the right to revolution. These
ideas became widely held by Americans and spread
internationally as well, influencing the French
Revolution.
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The Constitution of the United States of America

(1787) and Bill of Rights (1791)
The Bill of Rights of the US Constitution protects the basic
freedoms of United States citizens. Written during the
summer of 1787 in Philadelphia. This Constitution of the
United States of America is the fundamental Law of the
United State federal system of government and the
landmark document of the Western world. It is the oldest
written national constitution in use and defines the
principal organs of government and their jurisdiction and
the basic rights of citizens
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The first ten amendments to the constitution the Bill of

Rights came into effect on December 15, 1791, limiting the
federal government's powers of the United States and
protecting the rights of all citizens, residents, and visitors in
American territory.
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This Bill of Rights protects freedom of speech, freedom of

religion, the right to keep and bear arms, the freedom of
assembly, and the freedom of petition. It also prohibits
unreasonable search and seizure, cruel and unusual
punishment, and compelled self incrimination. Among the
legal protections it affords, the Bill of Rights prohibits Congress
from making any law respecting the establishment of
religion and prohibits the federal government from
depriving any person of life, liberty, or property without due
process of Law. Federal criminal cases require indictment by
a grand jury for any capital offense, or infamous crime
guarantees a speedy public trial with an impartial jury in the
district in which the crime occurred and prohibits double
jeopardy
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Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen

(1789)
In 1789 the people of France brought about the abolishment of the
absolute monarchy and set the stage for the establishment of the first
French Republic. Just six weeks after the storming of the bastille, and
barely three weeks after the abolition of feudalism, the Declaration of
the Rights of Man, and the Citizen (French: La Declaration des Droits
de l'Homme et du Citoyen) was adopted by the National Constituent
Assembly as the first step toward writing a constitution for the
Republic of France.
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Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen

(1789)
This Declaration proclaims that all citizens are to be guaranteed the
rights of liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression. It
argues that the need for Law derives from the fact that the exercise of
the natural rights of each man has only those borders which assure
other members of the society the enjoyment of these same rights. Thus,
the Declaration sees Law as an expression of the general will, intended
to promote this quality of rights and to forbid only actions harmful to
the society
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The First Geneva Convention (1864)

The original document from the first Geneva Convention in 1864
provided care to wounded soldiers. In 1864, sixteen European countries
and several American states attended a conference in Geneva, at the
invitation of the Swiss Federal Council, on the initiative of the Geneva
Committee. The diplomatic conference was held for adopting a
convention for the treatment of wounded soldiers in combat.
The main principles laid down in the convention and maintained by the
later Geneva Conventions provided the obligation to extend care
without discrimination to wounded and sick military personnel and
respect for and making medical personnel transports and equipment
with the distinctive sign of the red cross on a white background.
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The United Nations (1945)

Fifty nations met in San Francisco in 1945 and formed the United
Nations to protect and promote peace. World War II had ranged from
1939 to 1945, and as the end drew near, cities throughout Europe and
Asia lay in smoldering ruins, Millions of people were dead, millions more
were homeless or starving. Russian forced were closing in on the
remnants of German resistance in Germany's bombed-out capital of
Berlin. In the Pacific, US Marines were still battling entrenched Japanese
forces on such islands as Okinawa
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The United Nations (1945)

In April 1945, delegates from fifty countries met in San Francisco full of
optimism and hope. The goal of the United Nations Conference on
International Organization was to fashion an international body to
promote peace and prevent future wars. The ideas of the organization
were stated in the preamble to its proposed charter: "We the people of
the United Nations are determined to save succeeding generations
from the scourge of war, which twice in our lifetime has brought untold
sorrow to mankind".
The charter of the new United Nations organization went into effect on
October 24, 1945, a date that is celebrated each year as United Nations
Day
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The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948

On October 24, 1945, in the aftermath of World War II, the United
Nations came into being as an intergovernmental organization, to save
future generations from the devastation of international conflict.

United Nation representatives from all regions of the world formally

adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights on December 10,
1948
The charter of the United Nations established six principal bodies,
including the General Assembly, the Security Council, the International
Court of Justice, and human rights and Economic and Social Council
(ECOSOC), Trusteeship Council, the International Court of Justice, and
the UN Secretariat.
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The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948

On October 24, 1945, in the aftermath of World War II, the United
Nations came into being as an intergovernmental organization, to save
future generations from the devastation of international conflict.

United Nation representatives from all regions of the world formally

adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights on December 10,
1948
The charter of the United Nations established six principal bodies,
including the General Assembly, the Security Council, the International
Court of Justice, and human rights and Economic and Social Council
(ECOSOC), Trusteeship Council, the International Court of Justice, and
the UN Secretariat.
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The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948

The United Nations empowered ECOSOC to establish a
commission in economics and social fields and the
promotion of human rights. One of these was the United
Nations Human Rights Commission, which, under Eleanor
Roosevelt's chairmanship, saw to the creation of the
Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
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The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948

The declaration was drafted by representatives from all
regions of the world and encompassed all legal traditions.
Formally adopted by the United Nation on December 10,
1948, it is the most universal human rights document in
existence delineating the thirty fundamental rights that form
the basis for a democratic society.
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The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948

Today, the Declaration is a living document that has been
accepted as a contract between a government and its people
throughout the world. According to the Guinness Book of
World Records, it is the most translated document in the
world. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights has
inspired several other human rights laws and treaties
throughout the world
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SPECIAL CRIME INVESTIGATION 2 WITH
SIMULATION TO INTERROGATION AND
INTERVIEW

“The only One who can

define yourself is you”