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ELECTROSTATI CS GRADE 11 AND 12 ELECTROSTATICS • Electrostatics is the study of static (rest or stationary) positive or negative • charges. • • Define electrostatics, electric field and electric field strength. • • Give evidence for the existence of two kinds of electric charge (like charges • repel, unlike charges attract). • • Describe and demonstrate a method for determining whether an unknown • charge is positive or negative. • • Name the unit of charge, and discuss its size with respect to common • electrostatic situations and in terms of the number of unit charges it • represents. • • Describe what it means to say that charge is conserved. • • Coulomb’s Law • • Drawing of electric field lines. www.docscientia.co.za
THE LAW OF CONSERVATION
OF CHARGE • When two charged spheres are brought into contact with each other, electrons flow from the sphere with more electrons to the sphere with fewer electrons. • • The symbol for charge is Q. Do not confuse this with current, Ι. Q is measured in coulombs and Ι is measured in amperes. • • If sphere B has more electrons than sphere A: ELECTROSTATICS CONT… www.docscientia.co.za www.docscientia.co.za
COULOMB’S LAW
• Coloumb’s Law is the electrostatic force of
attraction or repulsion between two charged objects is directly proportional to the product of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centres www.docscientia.co.za
COULOMB’S CONT…
For any two charges, where F is electrostatic force (N), Q is charge (C), r is the distance between the centres of the objects (m), and k is Coulomb’s constant 9 Nm2C–2) (9 x 10 F ∝ Q1 Q2 and F∝ _12 _r k 1Q2 F =____ Q2 r www.docscientia.co.za
ELECTRIC FIELD LINES
• Electric field lines:
• • start and end perpendicular to the surface of a charged object • • never cross each other • • are closer where the electric field is stronger • • are directed from positive to negative www.docscientia.co.za
ELECTRIC FIELD STRENGTH
• Formula • The electric field strength at a point is the electric force per unit positive charge • experienced at a point in an electric field. • For any charge: • E = F/q and ∴ E = kQ/r2 www.docscientia.co.za www.docscientia.co.za www.docscientia.co.za www.docscientia.co.za www.docscientia.co.za
