PRESENTATION OF

ARCHITECTURAL
CONSERVATION
YUSRA MEMON
20AR033
SUBMITTED TO MAM FIRDOUS
 CASE STUDY OF HUMAYUN’S TOMB AND ITS
RESTORATION

INTRODUCTION:
• Humayun's tomb is the tomb of Mughal emperor, Mirza Nasir al-Din Muhammad commonly
known as Humayun situated in Delhi, India.
• The tomb was commissioned by Humayun's first wife and chief consort, Empress Bega
Begum under her patronage in 1558, and designed by Mirak Mirza Ghiyas and his son, Sayyid
Muhammad, Persian architects chosen by her.
• It was the first garden-tomb on the Indian subcontinent, and is located in Nizamuddin East,
Delhi, close to the Dina-panah Citadel, also known as Purana Qila (Old Fort), that Humayun
found in 1538.
• It was also the first structure to use red sandstone at such a scale.
• The tomb was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1993, and since then has
undergone extensive restoration work, which is complete. Besides the main tomb enclosure of
Humayun.
 CASE STUDY OF HUMAYUN’S TOMB AND ITS
RESTORATION

INTRODUCTION
• The Tomb stands on a 120-square-metre platform and reaches a height of 47 metres.
• Built of rubble masonry, the structure is the earliest example of the use of red
sandstone and white marble in such great quantities.
• The central walkways, terminate at two gates. It has two double-storey entrances, the
West gate which used now, while the South gate, which was used during Mughal era.
• It is set in the center of a garden in the classical Mughal char bagh pattern. A high wall
surrounds the garden on three sides.
• The garden is divided into four parts by two bisecting water channels with paved
walkways (khiyabans), which terminate at two gates.
• Its plan, based on the description of Islamic paradise gardens, is known to have
inspired from the Taj Mahal.
 PLAN OF HUMAYUM TOMB

• The chambers of each • Each of the main chambers

level are interconnected has in turn eight more,
by straight and diagonal smaller chambers radiating
• It is a
passages. from it.
square
ninefold
plan.
• The symmetrical ground plan contains 124 vaulted
chambers in all.
• The overall design emphasizes symmetry, which is a key characteristic
of Mughal architecture.
• The central octagonal chamber has the cenotaph of Humayun, which is
encompassed by octagonal chambers at the diagonals
• It also has arched lobbies on the sides and their openings are closed with
perforated screens.
• During the construction of Humayun's tomb, the emperor's painters were
simultaneously working on the Hamzanama, a text that took fifteen years
to complete (from roughly 1562 to 1577). The paintings of Hamzanama
are startling in their boldness; they are huge (about 66 by 52 cm),
brilliantly coloured, and full of motion.

ELEVATION
 ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES OF
HUMAYUN TOMB
A large iwan, a high arch,
punctuates the center of each Pink and white stone
facade, and is set back is used in the
slightly. Together with the construction of the
other arches and openings, tomb.
giving the façade a depth.-

It has hexagonal
The dome of the tomb is made chattries (domed
of white stone, which gives it a pavilions) like those
beautiful look. found in the Rajput
forts
 GARDEN OF PARADISE CHAR BAGH
• Char bagh is a rectangular or square
enclosure, Divided in four Quarters by
water channels running in four directions
(north, South, east and west).
• The four main sections are separated by
two water channels which bisect at right
angles.
• The water channels meet at a central
reference point mostly a Tomb Examples :
The Gardens Of Al hambara built in 13th
century, & Taj Mahal built in 16th century
 CONCEPT OF GARDEN OF PARADISE ( CHAR BAGH )

• These chahar bagh are not just The addition of water courses is
gardens but more than that. endemic to the chahar-bagh design, and
• The symbolism behind it very their presence is often read as a
strong and relates to the life after reference to the four rivers of Paradise
death one each of
• The Quran describes paradise as honey, "wine, "milk, and
a garden of eternity with four "water;
rivers: of water, milk, wine and all four meeting at the central water tank
honey. called as "the pool of abundance" or.
• Gardens had been built as earthly "Al-Kawther".
representations of the lush and The central water tank is a
splendid gardens of paradise representation of the 'celestial pool of
described in the holy book. abundance' and the place where man met
God.
RESTORATION OF HUMAYUN’S TOMB
• Only a few years after its erection, Humayun's Tomb began to deteriorate. This began in 1556, when the Mughal empire's
capital moved from Delhi to Agra. The decline of the Mughals, and the subsequent lack of available cash for the costly upkeep
of the large gardens, hastened the deterioration of the park, which began in 1556. In the year 1600, the British began arriving
in India.
• the British assumed entire control of Delhi. After a few years of British control, they seemed to be lacking something. As a
result, they began turning the Mughal charbaghs into a British landscape with flat gardens and consistently planted bushes,
some of which can still be seen in the Taj Mahal's gardens.
• Lord Minto, the Governor General (1807-1813) who oversaw the TajMahal renovations, is thought to have ordered the similar
adjustments in Humayun's Tomb. The four central square pools were replaced by circular beds and the trees were planted in
the flower beds.
• The tomb was in a stable state, however there was severe deterioration and water leaking. Water seepage from the terrace,
material deterioration on the tomb's front, broken tiles on the tomb's roof kiosk, severe damage to the tomb's dome, and water
leaks were all part of the deterioration.
• One of the main issues for the mausoleum was water seepage from the roof. To fix the problem, craftsmen removed a million
kilos of cement concrete that had been laid there in the twentieth century to prevent water penetration in order to uncover
hidden architectural components.
• The masons had painstakingly filled the joints in the marble after removing the concrete before the plasterers rebuilt the inside
of the dome. The stone paving of the lower plinth was rebuilt after removing 40,000 square feet of concrete and painstakingly
resetting the stone blocks, which weighted up to 2500 kg, according to an AKTC report on the project brief. The sandstone
terrace needed to be raised as well, as it had sunk over time (perhaps due to the weight of the concrete).
CONCLUSION
The Humayun’s Tomb is a sophisticated, complicated, and extremely well-executed structure. The building's power comes from
its combination of boldness and elegance, energy and strength. The monument's forcefulness and endeavor to build an altogether
new approach to architecture in India are not diminished by the fact that its portions have varying degrees of success. As a result,
masterpieces like the Taj Mahal were created. The restoration works have played a significant role in keeping the art and
architecture of the place alive. In the conservation of the patterns and decorative works on the structure, the AKTC placed a high
priority on applying the traditional craft-based approach. The goal of the AKTC is to preserve not only the architecture but also
the culture and art that has been passed down through the generations and they have performed the job in an excellent manner.
 REFRENCES

• https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/humayuns-tomb-46923776/46923776
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humayun%27s_Tomb#See_also
• ARCHITECTURAL STUDY OF THE HUMAYUN'S TOMB AND ITS RESTORATION ( Rahul
Mehta ) ABSTRACT