Graphing

Exponential
Functions
Lesson Outline:
1. Graph of for and for
2. Domain, range, intercepts,
zeroes, and asymptotes
 the domain of a function is the set of all allowable
values of , commonly known as the independent
variable or possible inputs of the function.
 The range of a function is the set of output values
commonly known as the dependent variable when all
x-values in the domain are evaluated into the function
 The zero of an exponential function refers to the
value of the independent variable x that makes the
function 0.
 To find the zero of an exponential function f(x)
equate f(x) to 0 and solve for x.
 The y-intercept is a point at which the graph
crosses the y-axis.
 To find y-intercept, let x-value be equal to
zero, the solve for y.

 An asymptote is an imaginary line to which a

graph gets closer and closer as the x or y
increases or decreases its value without limit.
Complete the table of values of the exponential
function. Then, draw its graph in the given coordinate
plane.

x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
Domain and Range of Exponential Functions
Let f(x) = be an exponential function where is
linear. Then

Domain of the function is

Range of the function =

Examples
 Performance
Number 1 Task
A. Complete the table of values of the exponential function.
Then, draw its graph in the given coordinate plane.

x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

B. Let. Find the domain and range.

Domain Range
Set Notation
Interval Notation
exponential
y-intercept zero asymptote
function
 Performance
Number 2 Task
A. Complete the table of values of the exponential function.
Then, draw its graph in the given coordinate plane.
x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

B. Let . Find the domain and range.

Domain Range
Set Notation
Interval Notation
 Graphing
Transformations
of Exponential
Functions
Lesson Outline:
1. Vertical and Horizontal
Reflection.
2. Stretching and Shrinking
3. Vertical and Horizontal Shifts
Graphs of
 The graphs of b, where , determines
whether the graph is increasing or
decreasing.
 The value a determine the stretch or
shrinking of the graph. Further, if a
is negative, there is reflection of the
graph about the x-axis.
Reflection
 The graph of is the reflection
about the x-axis of the graph of
 The graph of is the reflection about
the y-axis of the graph of .

Example: Use the graph of to

sketch the graph of the functions and
Example: Use the graph of to
sketch the graph of the functions and

x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

1 2 4 8

-1 -2 -4 -8

1 0.5 0.25 0.125

Reflection
 The graph of is the reflection about the x-axis
of the graph of
𝒙
𝒚 =𝟐

𝒙
𝒚 =− 𝟐
 −𝒙
𝒚 =𝟐 𝒚 =𝟐
𝒙
𝒙
𝒚 =𝟐

𝒙
𝒚 =− 𝟐
Reflection
 The graph of is the reflection about the y-
axis of the graph of .
Properties of and
Vertical Stretching or Shrinking
 Let c be a positive constant.
The graph of can be obtained
from the graph of by
multiplying by c. The effect is
a vertical stretching (if or
shrinking (if of the graph of
Example: Use the graph of to
sketch the graph of the functions and

x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

0.12 0.25 0.5 1 2 4 8

5
0.37 0.75 1.5 3 6 12 24
5
0.05 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.8 1.6 3.2
 𝒙
𝒚 =𝟐

𝒚 =𝟑∙(𝟐¿¿ 𝒙 )¿

𝒚 =𝟎.𝟒(𝟐¿¿ 𝒙)¿

The effect is a vertical stretching (if or

shrinking (if of the graph of
 𝒙
𝒚 =𝟐 Properties of and
𝒚 =𝟑∙(𝟐¿¿ 𝒙 )¿
𝒚 =𝟎.𝟒(𝟐¿¿ 𝒙)¿ 1. The domain of all the
graphs is the set of all real
number
2. The range of all the graphs is the
set of all positive real numbers
3. The y-intercept of is 1.
y-intercept of is is 3.
y-intercept of is .
4. All the graphs have the same
horizontal asymptote, y=0
Vertical Shifts
 Let k be a real number. The
graph of y=f(x)+k is a vertical
shift of k units up ( or k units
down ( of the graph of y=f(x)
Example: Use the graph of to
sketch the graph of the functions and
Example: Use the graph of to
sketch the graph of the functions and

x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

0.12 0.25 0.5 1 2 4 8

5
- -2.75 -2.5 -2 -1 1 5
2.87
5
1.12 1.25 1.5 2 3 5 9
5
 𝒙
𝒚 =𝟐
+1

𝒙
𝒚 =𝟐 −𝟑
𝒚 =𝟐
𝒙
Properties of and
+1

𝒙 1. The domain of all the

𝒚 =𝟐 −𝟑
graphs is the set of all real
number
2. The range is
The range is
The range is
3. The y-intercept is 2.
y-intercept is 1.
y-intercept is -2.
 𝒙
𝒚 =𝟐 3. The y-intercept is 2.
+1

𝒙
y-intercept is 1.
𝒚 =𝟐 −𝟑
y-intercept is -2.

4. The Horizontal Asymptote is y=1

The Horizontal Asymptote is y=-3
The Horizontal Asymptote is y=0
Horizontal Shifts
 The graph of shifts the graph
c units to the right.
The y-intercept of is
 The graph of shifts the graph
of c units to the left.
Example: Use the graph of to
sketch the graph of the functions and

x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

0.12 0.25 0.5 1 2 4 8

5
0.03 0.06 0.12 0.25 0.5 1 2
1 3 5
2 4 8 16 32 64 128
 𝒙
𝒚 =𝟐
𝒙 +𝟒
𝒚 =𝟐
𝒙 −𝟐
𝒚 =𝟐
Solved Example:
1. Sketch the graph of , then state
the domain, range, y-intercept, and
horizontal asymptote.

Solution:
1. Base function ; ; H.A: y=0
 Ms. Love Reyes, a Mathematics teacher
introduces a new project to teach her students
the values of helpfulness and sharing through
peer tutoring while learning Math. She
believes that her students will be more
comfortable and open when interacting with a
peer. To teach a short cut technique in solving
rational equations and inequalities, she
demonstrates the strategy to one of her
students and requires this student to do the
same to two of his classmates,
 with a condition that each student who
undergoes the peer tutorial will repeat the
process until everyone in the class will be
able to learn the short cut technique. Also,
each student is required to submit a
reflection paper of their experienced while
doing the peer tutoring and learning with
classmates, for her to assess if she is
successful to attain her objectives.
 Tutorial
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Stage

Number of
Students who
1
undergo the
tutorial

(Hint: In 0 stage, only one student undergoes the tutorial, he is

the first student chose by Ms. Reyes, stage 1 is the stage where
the first students share his learning to his classmate and continue
up to stage 6)
 Representing real-
life situations using
Exponential
Function
Lesson Outline:
1. Population Growth
2. Compound Interest
3. Exponential Decay
4. Depreciation
Exponential Function
An exponential function
with the base b is a function
of the form or
, where (.
Representing real-life
situations using
Exponential Function
Population Growth
A certain culture of bacteria initially contains one
bacteria and doubles every hour. How many
bacteria are in the culture at the end of 24 hours?
Solution:
Initially, at t=0 Number of bacteria=1
at t=1 Number of bacteria=2
Number of hours t 0 1 2 3 4 …… 24

Number of 1 2 4 8 16 ____
bacteria
𝟐𝟒
𝒇 (𝟐𝟒 ) =𝟐 =𝟏𝟔,𝟕𝟕𝟕,𝟐𝟏𝟔
Exponential Model:
Exponential Models and Population Growth
The rule for exponential growth can be modeled
by:

Where is the starting number, b is the growth

factor, and x is the number of intervals
(minutes, years, and so on)

A certain culture of bacteria initially contains one

bacteria and doubles every hour. How many
bacteria are in the culture at the end of 24 hours?
Solve:
Suppose a culture of 300 bacteria at
MJD Farm is put into a Petri dish and
the culture doubles every 10 hours.
Give an exponential model for the
situation. How many bacteria will
there be after 90 hours?
 Representing real-life
situations using
Exponential Function
Exponential Decay
HALF-LIFE
Suppose that the half-life of a certain radioactive
substance is 10 days and there are 10g initially,
determine the amount of substance remaining
after 30 days, and give an exponential model for
the amount of remaining substance.
Solution: We use the fact that mass is halved by
every 10 days
Initially, at t=0 Amount of Substance= 10g
at t=10 Amount of Substance= 5g
at t=20 Amount of Substance = 2.5g
at t=30 Amount of Substance = ____g.?
Exponential Model:
 Exponential Decay
The half-life of a radioactive substance is the
same it takes for half of the substance to decay.

Exponential Function and Half-life

If the half-life of a substance is T units, and
is the amount of the substance corresponding to
t=0, then the amount y of substance remaining
after t units of time is given by
Solve
Example
Let t=times in days, At t=0, there
were initially 20 bacteria.
Suppose that the bacteria
doubles every 100 hours. Give an
exponential model for the
bacteria as a function of t.
Representing real-life situations
using Exponential Function

Compoun
d Interest
Mrs. Dela Cruz invested P100,000.00 in a
company that offers 6% interest
compounded annually. Define an exponential
model for this situation. How much will this
investment be worth at the end of each year
for the next five years?
Solution:
at t=0 Investment= 100,000
t=1 Investment= 100,000
(1.06)=106,000
t=2 Investment= 106, 000 =112,360
t=3 Investment=112,360

Exponential Model:
 Compound Interest
If a principal P is invested at an annual interest
rate of r, compounded annually, then the
amount after t years is given by
.

( )
𝒏𝒕
𝒓
𝑨=𝑷 𝟏+
𝒏
Where: A=Amount P= Principal
r= Interest rate t-time
n= number of times interest is
compounded per unit ‘t’.
Representing real-life situations
using Exponential Function
Depreciation
A decrease in
the value of
assets over
time
The value of a new car in 2022 is Php
1,000,000.00. it depreciates 5% each year.
How much will the car be worth in 2025?
Solution:
at t=0 Car’s Value= 1000,000
t=1 Cars Value= 1000,000 (1-0.05)=950,000
t=2 Car’s value= 106, 000 =902, 500
t=3 Car’s Value=112,360

at t=5 Car’s Value= P _____________________?

Exponential Model:
 Exponential Models and Depreciation Value
The depreciation can be calculated using the
formula .
Solved:
A photocopier is purchased for ₱15,200.00
and depreciates in value by 15% per year.
What equation best describes the value of
the photocopier in x years? Give the value
of photocopier after 3 years
Representing real-life situations
using Exponential Function
Natural Exponential Function
The natural exponential
function is the function
 Natural Exponential
Function
Compounded Continuously

When the principal P is invested at

an annual rate of r, compounded
continuously, the amount A
accumulated after t years is given
by the formula
Example:
1.Determine the amount of money that
will be accumulated if Php 100,000.00 is
invested at an annual rate of 8%
compounded continuously after 10 years if
no withdrawals are made.

Solve Example:
In 2012 the population of schoolchildren in
a city was 90,000. This population
increases at a rate of 5% each year. What
will be the population of school children in
year 2022?
 An exponential function is a function involving exponential
expression showing a relationship between the
independent variable x and dependent variable y or f(x).

 An exponential equation is an equation involving

exponential expression that can be solved for all x values
satisfying the equation.

 Exponential inequality is an inequality involving

exponential
expression that can be solved for all x values satisfying the
inequality
Rules and Laws of Rules and Laws of
Exponent Exponent
1. 5.
6.
7.
8.
 Solving Exponential Equation One-to-one
Property of Exponential Functions states that in
, if , then . Conversely, if , then .

𝑥− 1
𝐸𝑥𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 1 : 4 =16
𝑥
2 :2 =4
𝑥 1 𝑥
2
𝑥 +3
3 :2 =
2 =3
5 :9
𝑥− 1 𝑥+ 3
4 : 125 =25
 PERFORMANCE
1.

2 .
3 . .
Property of Exponential Inequalities
 If , then the exponential function
is increasing for all x. This means
that if an only if
 If , then the exponential function
is decreasing for all x. This means
that if an only f .
 Rules of solving Inequalities
 If the same real number is added to
or subtracted from both sides of an
inequality, the sense of the inequality
is not changed.
 If both sides of an inequality are
multiplied by or divide by the same
positive real number, the sense of the
inequality is not changed.
 If both sides of an inequality are
multiplied by divided by the same
negative real number, the sense of the
1.
2.
3.
4.

10 points
 PERFORMANCE
1 .
2 .
3 . .