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Pharma college

IT Department
Hardware and Networking Service Level III
Course title:- Configure and Administer server
Course code-EIS HNS1 03 1110
Instructor Erdachew .E
4Chr
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Evaluation Methods

Attendance 10

Practice 1 25

25
Practice 2

Final 40

Total 100
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Course Objectives
After completing this course students will be able to:-
 Administer, configure and test a server

according to business needs and technical

requirements.
 Understand Single and multiple processors,

memory, Disk drives and internal/external

storage devices.
 Determine Server applications (such as web

application, DNS, etc.)

 Server specification for different applications
 Determine server specifications
 Determine compatibility and operability
 Configure a server as required by technical
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Lo:1. Define Server

INTRODUCTION
What is a server?
 Definition: A network server is a computer designed
to process requests and deliver data to other (client)
computers over a local network or the Internet.
 It is a computer program or device that provides
services to other computer programs and their
users, known as clients.
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Cont…

 It is a device with a particular set of programs or

protocols that provide various services, which other
machines or clients request, to perform certain tasks.
 It is large system with higher processing speed, memory
and hard disk capacity whose role in a network is to
provide services and resources to users.
 Together ,a server and its clients from a client/server
network, which provides routing systems and centralized
access to information, resources, stored data.
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What is network operating system?

 Network operating system typical are Used to run

computers that act as server
 They provide the capabilities required for network
operation.
 Are also designed for client computers and provide
functions so the distinction between network
operating system and standalone operating systems
is not always obvious.
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Cont..

 Network operating system (NOS) is software

runs on a server computer and enables the server to
manage data, users, groups, security, applications,
and other networking functions.
 It is a computer operating system that is designed
primarily to support workstation, personal
computer, and, in some instances, older terminal
that are connected on a local area network (LAN)
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Cont…

 The network operating system is designed to allow

shared file and printer access among multiple
computers in a network, typically a local area
network(LAN), a private network or to other
network.
 Network operating system are based on a
client/server architecture in which a server enables
multiple clients to share and access resources.
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Advantages of (NOS)
 Central manage network resources, such as programs data
and devices
 Secure access to a network
 Allow remote users to connect to a network
 Allow users to connect to other network like the internet
 Back up data and ensure its availability.
 Multiuser,Multitasking,and multiprocessor systems
 Support multiple user accounts at the same time enables
concurrent access to shared resources by multiple clients.
Allow for simple additions of clients and resources.
 Monitor the status and functionality of network element
 Distribute programs and software update to clients.
 Ensure efficient use of server’s capabilities
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Different between network and

desktop OS

Network operating system Desktop operating system

 Support multiple users  Support single users
 Runs multiuser  Runs single-user

applications application
 Share files and folders on
 Shares file and folders
a small network with
on a large network with
limited security
high security  Designed for a small
 Designed for a
office/home office
corporate environment (SOHO) with a limited
serving multiple user number of users
with a wide range of
needs
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Choosing a NOS

The main features to consider when selecting

a NOS. include:
 Performance
 Management and monitoring tools
 Security
 Scalability
 Robustness/fault tolerance
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Types of Network

There are two types of network based on

configuration
 Peer to peer network
 Server based network
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1. Peer to peer network

 Peer to peer network - This is a type of network in which all

computers are connected to each other.
 It is inexpensive to setup
 Files are placed on any computer and can be accessed by any
other computer in the network
 This type of network is best for small or medium size
organization.
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Cont….

1.1.Advantages of peer to peer network:-

 It is easy to configure
 It is not expensive to setup
2.2.Disadvantages of peer to peer network:-
 No control over all the computers i.e. decentralized
 Security problem
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2. Server based network:-

 This is type of network in which there is a server

that is attached to client computer. So one
computer is behaving as a center controlling and
managing other computers
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Advantages of client and server

network:-

 Security is well managed in this systems

 New resources can be easily added and removed to
these networks
 New technology can be put in without any problem
 Server can be accessed remotely also
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Disadvantages of client and

server network
 It is expensive to setup
 Maintenance of these systems require more staff
 All computers are dependent on server. If server
crashes then all computers effected
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Types of network operating

systems:-
 Microsoft Window
server
 Macintosh OS
 Unix/linux
 Novell/Netware
 Cisco Internetwork
OS
 Junos OS.
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Server Components

A fully operational server consists of various

hardware components including:
 Motherboard
 CPU (Central Processing Unit)
 RAM (Random Access Memory)
 Storage Drives (HDDs or SSDs)
 Network Interface Card (NIC)
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How Servers Work

 Servers operate by receiving requests from clients

over a network and responding with the requested
data or service. This interaction typically follows a
request-response model, where a client sends a
request to the server, which processes it and returns
an appropriate response. The nature of these
requests can vary widely depending on the type of
server and its intended function.
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Cont…
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Types of server

The multiple types of servers or types of network

servers as follows:
 Application server - The primary function of an
application server is to act as a bridge between the
client-side user interface and the backend
processes, facilitating communication and
processing requests.
- It manages the business logic of applications, ensuring that
dynamic content is generated based on user interactions. Here’s
a detailed breakdown of its main functions:
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Cont…
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Cont…

 File server- provides convent, centralized access of

files and directories for individual users,
departments and entire organizations. Choosing this
option allows you to manage user disk space by
enabling and configuring disk quota management
and provide improved file system.
 Printer server:- Provide centralized and managed
access to printing devices by serving shared printers
and printer drivers to client computers.
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Cont…

 Fax server-The main function of a fax server is to

facilitate the sending and receiving of fax messages
through a local area network (LAN) or over the
internet.
 Mail server-The main function of a mail server is to
facilitate the sending, receiving, and storage of
electronic mail (email). It acts as a centralized hub for
email communication, managing the flow of messages
between email clients and the internet
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Cont….

 Terminal server-The main function of a terminal

server is to allow multiple users to connect to a
centralized server and access applications and files
remotely, as if they were using their local machines.
 This technology operates on a client-server model
where the terminal server manages user sessions,
providing each user with a virtual desktop
environment that is isolated from others.
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Cont….

 Remote access server VPN server- The main

function of a remote access VPN server is to provide
secure and encrypted connections for remote users
to access a private network, such as a corporate
intranet or cloud resources.
 Domain controller- The main function of a
domain controller server is to authenticate and
validate user access on a network. This process
involves several key responsibilities:-
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Cont…

 User Authentication: When a user attempts to log into a

computer that is part of a domain, the domain controller
verifies the user’s credentials (username and password)
against its stored data in Active Directory. If the credentials
match, access is granted.
 Authorization: Beyond just authenticating users, the
domain controller also determines what resources each
authenticated user can access within the network. This
includes permissions for files, applications, and other
resources based on policies defined in Active Directory.
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Cont…

 DHCP server – provides automatic Ip addressing

services to client configured to use dynamic IP
addressing.
 DNS server - A DNS server, or Domain Name System
server, is a crucial component of the internet’s
infrastructure that translates human-readable
domain names into machine-readable IP addresses.
This process allows users to access websites using
easy-to-remember names instead of complex
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Cont…

 The primary purpose of a DNS server is to facilitate the

resolution of domain names. When you enter a URL into
your web browser, the browser sends a request to a DNS
server to find out the corresponding IP address for that
domain name. For example, when you type
“www.example.com,” the DNS server will return an IP
address like “192.0.2.1.” This translation is essential
because computers and networking equipment
communicate using IP addresses, while humans prefer
more memorable domain names.
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Cont…

 F FTP server (File Transfer Protocol server) - is

a type of software that facilitates the transfer of files
over a TCP/IP network. It operates using the File
Transfer Protocol (FTP), which is a standard
communication protocol designed for transferring
files between computers on a network. The FTP
server functions within a client-server architecture,
where the server hosts files and the client accesses
these files to upload or download them.
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Client support

NOS client support tasks

 Creating and managing client account
 Enabling clients to connect the shared
network
 Facilitating communication b/n clients
 Managing client’s access to shared resources
 Allowing client to share resources
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Client/ server communication

 Logon process
 Redirector

 Interprets requests, determine where

to handle
 File access protocol (FTP)
 CIFS(common internet file system)
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Client Requirements issues

 One of the first and most important activities to get

on when confirming server specifications is to
confirm client needs and to ensure that they
 Acknowledge that requirements have been captured
correctly. So one of the tasks in confirming client
needs is to Document the requirements.
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Cont…

This may include identifying or clarifying The

business case
 Level of services they need
 Maintenance and backup requirements
 Bandwidth issues
 The nature of the data (e.g. text, multimedia)
 Security needs (E.g. levels of user access and privileges)
 Available support resources
 Cost or budget.
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User and groups

 After NOS client Authentication, client gains access

to NOS services, resources
 Administrator account
 Is the most privileged user account

 Is an unlimited rights to server, domain resources, and

objects
 Created by default

 User name
 NOS grants each network user access to file and

other shared resources

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Function of User and Group in

Server 2008
 User Accounts: User accounts in Windows Server
2008 serve as the primary means of identifying
individuals who access the server and its resources.
Each user account is associated with a unique
username and password, which are used for
authentication purposes.
The functions of user accounts include:
 Authentication: Verifying the identity of users
when they log in to the system.
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Cont…

 Authorization: Granting or denying access to

resources based on permissions assigned to the
user account.
 Personalization: Allowing users to have
personalized settings, such as desktop
configurations, application preferences, and file
storage locations.
 Accountability: Tracking user actions through logs,
which helps in auditing and monitoring activities
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Window server 2008

 Released on February 2008

 Is an Enhancement of windows server 2003
 GUI ( graphical user interface)
 Pictorial representation of computer function
 NOS GUIs:- enable administrator to manage
files,users,groups,and printers
 Enhanced security, reliability, remote client support
and performance
 Has new server management future
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Cont…
 Editions

 standard edition - The Standard edition supports all

features offered by the Essentials edition but requires a
separate license. It allows for two additional processors
and up to 4TB of RAM, making it suitable for small to
medium-sized businesses that need virtualization
capabilities.
 Enterprise Edition - Although no longer supported, this
edition was aimed at medium to large corporations
requiring advanced IT infrastructure. It supported up to 8
processors and included features like hot reloading.
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Cont…

 Datacenter Edition - Designed for businesses that require

extensive virtualization capabilities, the Datacenter edition
offers unlimited virtual machines (VMs) on a single Hyper-V
host. It’s ideal for organizations planning significant growth
and needing robust cloud integration support.
 Web Edition - This edition was specifically tailored for web
applications but has been discontinued since Windows Server
2008. It did not require a license but lacked many features
found in other editions.
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Windows Server 2008 R2,

 Windows Server 2008 R2, codenamed “Windows Server 7,”
is the ninth version of the Windows Server operating system
produced by Microsoft.
 It was released to manufacturing on July 22, 2009, and
became generally available on October 22, 2009.
 This version is part of the Windows NT family of operating
systems and serves as a successor to Windows Server 2008,
which was based on the Windows Vista codebase.
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Cont…

Windows Server 2008 R2 introduced several

enhancements over its predecessor,
including:
 Active Directory Improvements
 Virtualization Capabilities:
 Internet Information Services (IIS) 7.5:
 Support for Logical Processors
 Power Management Enhancements:
 Security Features:
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Work group

 In computer networking, a workgroup serves as a

collection of computers connected on a Local Area
Network (LAN) that share common resources and
responsibilities.
 The primary function of a workgroup is to
facilitate peer-to-peer (P2P) networking, allowing
each computer within the group to communicate
directly with one another without the need for
centralized management or authentication.
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cont…
 Used in peer-to-peer network
 Decentralized management
 Practical for small network
 Mostly used for few users
 Simple to design, implement
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Cont…

Key Functions of Workgroups:

 Resource Sharing
 Decentralized Management
 Limited Scope
 User Account Management
 Simplified Networking
 Visibility in Network Browsing
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Server software configuration

Configurations for server software depend on the purpose
or function of the server.
General a server may be configured for one or more of the
following roles:
 An application server - which runs specific software
application for end users, such as a server that runs a
central oracle database that is accessed by users across
an organization.
 A storage server- which provides a central storage
place for data that can be accessed by computer users
around a network.
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Cont…

 A network service server - which provides

specific services such as , print, user authentication,
authorizations, dynamic host configuration protocol
(DHCP), and domain name system(DNS) are some
example of services can be provided.
 Network setting - which includes network protocol
to be used , network addressing , server name and
network adapter settings.
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The roles of a domain controller

 Each Active Directory forest can have multiple

domains. The role of domain controllers is
to manage trust among the domains by granting
access to users from one domain to the other via a
proper security authentication process. System
administrators can also set complex security
policies via domain controllers.
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Active Directory

 Active Directory (AD) is a directory service

developed by Microsoft for Windows domain
networks. It serves as a centralized database
and set of services that connect users with the
network resources they need to perform their
work effectively.
 Its main functions include:
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Cont…

 Authentication and Authorization: Active Directory

provides secure authentication services, allowing users
to log in and access resources based on their credentials.
It also manages permissions and rights, determining
what users can do within the network.
 Centralized Resource Management: AD allows
administrators to manage network resources such as
computers, users, groups, and printers from a central
location. This simplifies the management of these
resources within an organization.
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Cont…

 Organization of Network Resources: Active

Directory uses a hierarchical structure (domains, trees,
and forests) to organize resources logically. This helps
in managing and navigating the network more
efficiently.
 Group Policy Management: AD enables the creation
and enforcement of Group Policies, which are used to
manage user and computer settings across the
network. This includes security settings, software
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Cont…

 Domain Services: It provides domain services that

facilitate the creation of domains, allowing
organizations to group their resources in a
manageable way and apply policies to these groups.
 Replication: Active Directory supports replication
across domain controllers, ensuring that all changes
made to the directory are synchronized and
available across the network, providing fault
tolerance and high availability.
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Cont…

 Scalability: AD is designed to scale from small

networks to large enterprises, accommodating a
growing number of users and resources without
significant performance degradation.
 Integration with Other Services: Active
Directory can integrate with other services and
applications, allowing for extended functionality,
such as single sign-on (SSO) and federated identity
management.
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Cont….

 In summary, Active Directory is essential for managing

user identities and access rights within Windows-
based networks, providing both security and ease of
administration through its structured approach to
organizing network resources.
 Active Directory is essential for managing user
identities, ensuring security, and facilitating resource
sharing in a Windows-based environment.
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The end