Embedded Systems Training Report

EMBEDDED
SYSYTEMS
By T.Gopal Krishna
19328-EC-049
AboutI have
The concepts this template
learnt in training
1. Number Systems
2. Embedded Systems
3. C Programming Language
4. 8051 Microcontroller
5. Microcontroller Peripherals
6. Analog to Digital Converters
7. Proteus
8. Arduino
NUMBER SYSTEMS
• The number system is used for

representing the information.
• In digital electronics we use a
positional number system which
has different bases.
• The base or radix of the number
system is the total number of the
digits used in the number
system.
NUMBER SYSTEM CONVERSION
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
• An electronic/electro mechanical system

which is designed to perform specific
functions, and it is a combination of both
software and hardware.
• Embedded systems may also function
within a larger system.
• The systems can be programmable or
have a fixed functionality.
EMBEDDED SYSTEM STRUCTURE
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
Advantages Disadvantages
◉ Less expensive. ◉ No technological improvement
◉ Easy for mass production. ◉ Less power supply durability, if
◉ Very few interconnections. it is battery operated.
◉ Fast operation. ◉ Larger time to market.
◉ Highly reliable. ◉ Hard to take backup of
embedded files.
◉ Enhanced Performance.
C PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE
DATA TYPES OF C LANGUAGE
KEIL SOFTWARE
We have to write a program for microcontroller in

order to command them. After writing code we have to
Working with Keil
burn that program in microcontroller.
1. Writing programs in C/C++ or Assembly
language
2. Compiling and Assembling Programs
3. Debugging program
4. Creating Hex file
Keil software is an integrated development
5. Testing your program without Available
environment (IDE), which integrated a text editor to
real Hardware (Simulator Mode).
write programs, a compiler and it will convert your
source code to hex files too.
8051 MICROCONTROLLER
• Microcontroller is a special digital

processor system and particularly
used for the real time control
applications.
• It is a single chip VLSI unit. It is the
most essential part of a control or
communication circuit having another
special digital processor system.
• It has limited computational
capabilities and enhanced input
output capabilities.
PIN DIAGRAM OF 8051 ARCHITECTURE OF 8051 SERIES
LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY
The LCD is the combination of two states of matter, the solid and liquid. It uses liquid crystal to
produce a visible image.
1. 16x2 LCD
2. 20x4 LCD
SPECIFICATIONS
• Operating voltage is 4.7v to 5.3v.
• Current consumption is 1mA without backlight.
• Alphanumeric LCD display module.
• Each character is built by a 5x8 pixel box.
• It can also display any custom generated characters.
• It consists of 2 rows & each row can print 16 characters.
• It can work in both 8-bit and 4-bit mode.
4*4 MATRIX KEYPAD
The 4*4 Matrix keypad which consists of 4 rows and 4 columnsis used as an input device to
read the key pressed by the user and to process it.
SENSORS
• A sensor is a device that detects and responds to

some type of input from the physical
environment.
• The specific input could be light, heat, motion,
moisture, pressure, or any one of a great number
of other environmental phenomena.
• The output is generally a signal that is converted
to human-readable display at the sensor location
or transmitted electronically over a network for
reading or further processing.
LDR SENSOR
• LDR (Light Dependent Resistor or photo-resistor)

is a light sensor in this light sensor circuit. These
LDR sensors are passive and don’t produce any
electrical energy.
• But, the resistance of the LDR changes with the
change in the (light illuminated on the LDR)
daylight intensity.
INFRARED SENSOR
The IR sensor or infrared sensor is one kind of electronic component, used to detect specific
characteristics in its surroundings through emitting or detecting IR radiation.
ULTRASONIC SENSOR
• An ultrasonic sensor is an electronic device that measures the distance of a target object by
emitting ultrasonic sound waves, and converts the reflected sound into an electrical signal.
• The formula for this calculation is D = ½ T x C (where D is the distance, T is the time, and C is
the speed of sound ~ 343 meters/second).
L293D MOTOR DRIVER IC
• L293D is a typical Motor driver or Motor Driver IC which allows DC motor to drive on either direction.
• L293D is a 16-pin IC which can control a set of two DC motors simultaneously in any direction. It
means that you can control two DC motor with a single L293D IC.
ANALOG TO DIGITAL CONVERTERS
• A converter that is used to change the analogue signal to

digital is known as an analog to digital converter or ADC
converter.
• Basically an analogue to digital converter takes a
snapshot of an analogue voltage at one instant in time
and produces a digital output code which represents this
analogue voltage.
• The number of binary digits, or bits used to represent
this analogue voltage value depends on the resolution of
an A/D converter.
ADC0804 ADC0808
PROTEUS SOFTWARE
• The Proteus Design Suite is a proprietary software tool
suite used primarily for electronic design automation.
• The software is used mainly by electronic design
engineers and technicians to create schematics and
electronic prints for manufacturing printed circuit
boards.
Features
There are 2 main parts of proteus first is used to design and draw different circuits and the
second is for designing of PCB layout.
• First is ISIS that used to design and simulate circuits. And second is ARES that used for
designing of a printed circuit board.
• It also provides features related to the three-dimensional view of design in PCB.
SCHEMATIC CAPTURE
We design & simulate circuits in Schematic
Capture Page
PCB LAYOUT 3D VISUALIZER
ARDUINO DEVELOPMENT BOARD
• Arduino is an open-source platform used for building electronics projects.

• Arduino consists of both a physical programmable circuit board (often referred to as a
microcontroller) and a piece of software, or IDE (Integrated Development Environment)
that runs on your computer, used to write and upload computer code to the physical board.
Types of Arduino Boards

• Arduino UNO (R3) • Arduino Micro
• LilyPad Arduino. • Arduino Bluetooth
• Red Board. • Arduino Ethernet
• Arduino Mega (R3) • NodeMcu Board
• Arduino Leonardo. • Arduino Diecimila
• Arduino Nano • Arduino Zero
ARDUINO UNO BOARD
• The Arduino UNO is the best board to

get started with electronics and coding.
The UNO is the most used and
documented board of the whole Arduino
family.
• This Arduino board depends on an
ATmega328P based microcontroller. As
compared with other types of Arduino
boards, it is very simple to use like the
Arduino Mega type board.
PINOUT OF ARDUINO UNO APPLICATIONS OF ARDUINO
• Weighing Machines.
• Traffic Light Count Down Timer.
• Parking Lot Counter.
• Embedded systems.
• Home Automation.
• Industrial Automation.
• Medical Instrument.
• Emergency Light for Railways.
16*2 LCD INTERFACING WITH ARDUINO UNO
4*4 MATRIX KEYPAD INTERFACING WITH ARDUINO UNO
Thanks!

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EMBEDDED

• The number system is used for

• An electronic/electro mechanical system

We have to write a program for microcontroller in

• Microcontroller is a special digital

• A sensor is a device that detects and responds to

• LDR (Light Dependent Resistor or photo-resistor)

• A converter that is used to change the analogue signal to

• Arduino is an open-source platform used for building electronics projects.

Types of Arduino Boards

• The Arduino UNO is the best board to

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