Solar System

The Sun
 The Sun is the center of our solar system.

 The word “solar” means “Sun”.
 Our sun is a medium-sized star.
 Our sun is medium-hot, and yellow star.
 The sun has layers
 The middle is called the core – it is 27,000,000
degrees!
 The outer layer is the chromosphere.
 The layer under the chromosphere is the
photosphere, where light and other forms of
energy are released.
 Under the photosphere is the convective zone
where heat is released.
 The layer above the core is the radiative zone.
 The sun is made up of gases
 The most abundant gas is Hydrogen.
 Hydrogen is undergoing fusion to make
Helium, which releases a huge amount of
energy.
 Forms of energy released include light, heat,
and various rays, like X-rays and gamma rays,
which are forms of radiation.
Planet
Neptune Mercury
Uranus Venus
Saturn Earth
Jupiter Mars
Komet
Asteroid
My Mercury
Very Venus
Excellent Earth
Mother Mars
Just Jupiter
Served Saturn
Us Uranus
Noodle Neptune
Planet Distance Orbital Period of
from Sun speed revolution
(millions of (km per (earth
km) second) time)
Mercury 58 48 88 days
Venus 108 35 225 days
Earth 150 30 1 year
Mars 228 24 2 years
Jupiter 778 13 12 years
Saturn 1429 10 29 years
Uranus 2875 7 84 years
Neptun 4504 6 165 years
 The inner four planets are formed
mostly of rock.
 Mercury is the first inner planet
 It has very little atmosphere.
 It has no moon.
 It is VERY HOT!
 Venus is the second inner planet
 It has a very thick atmosphere, and this
makes the temperature the highest in
the solar system.
 It has no moon.
 It is about the same size as Earth.
 Earth is the third inner planet.
 It has liquid water.
 It has a medium-thick atmosphere.
 It has one moon.
 It’s where we live.
 Mars is the fourth inner planet
 Ithas a thinner atmosphere than
Earth.
 No surface water.
 High winds sometimes.
 Two moons.
 Olympus Mons (21.9 km).
 Between Mars and Jupiter, there is
an asteroid belt.
 Lots of rocks.
 No liquid water.
 Jupiter, the largest planet, is the fifth
planet.
 Jupiter is a gas planet.
 It has small rings, and 67 moons (data
based on Wikipedia 2015).
 The Great Red
Spot is a storm
that has been
there ever since
Galileo saw it
400 years ago!
 Saturn is the sixth planet.
 Saturn is a gas planet.
 Saturn is famous for its rings.
 It has 62 moons (data based on Wikipedia
2015).
 Uranus is a gas planet.
 It spins sideway.
 Uranus has thin rings and 27 moons
(data based on Wikipedia 2015).
 Neptune is the farthest planet from the
Sun.
 It is a gas planet.
 It has VERY strong wind, over 400
mile/hour.
 Neptune has 14 moons (data based on
Wikipedia 2015).
 Pluto is another sky object now called a
PLUTOID.
 It has an irregular orbit – tilted and
elongated.
 It has 3 moons – one is very large.
 Eris, the newest body, is also a Plutoid.
 It has only one moon.
 There are also:
 Meteors and comets
 Space dust
 Satellites
 Space junk and trash
 Rotation: Earth turns on its axis once every 24
hours or a day.
 The axis is tilted around 23.5˚.
 A movement of a sky object around another sky
object. orbit
 Orbit: the path of a sky object revolves around

another sky object
 Revolution period: time needed to complete one
revolution.
 The Earth orbits around the Sun in 356 ¼ days.
 Leap years occur every four years unless it falls on a
century year that cannot be divided by four. The next
leap year will be in 2028. Leap Day that year will be
observed on Tuesday, Feb. 29. After that, the next leap
 Earth has 1 moon.
 It takes 29.5 days for the Moon to complete its
orbit around the Earth. We call this a month.
 The Sun lights up half of the Earth and half of the
Moon at all times.
 The part of the lit-up half of the Moon that we can
see from Earth is called the phase of the Moon.
 The Sun is far away on the right side of the
diagram.
 The right side of the Earth and the right
side of the moon are lit up by the Sun in all
8 positions.
 The sides of the Earth and Moon that are
shaded black on the diagram are in
darkness.
 The phases of the Moon that we can see
from Earth are shown around the outside of
the Moon’s orbit.
 As the Moon’s phases go from the new
Moon in position A to the full Moon in
position E, the Moon appears larger every
night. We say the Moon is waxing.
 As the Moon’s phases go from full Moon in
position E to new Moon in position A, the
Moon appears smaller every night. We say
the Moon is waning.
 A crescent shape is less than a half circle
and a gibbous shape is more than a half
circle.

Solar System

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The Sun

 The Sun is the center of our solar system.

 Orbit: the path of a sky object revolves around

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