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29 views21 pages

Topic 2e

Uploaded by

hazlindaidris
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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DEE1012 MEASUREMENT

LEARNING OUTCOME
1. Describe parts and functions of analogue
multimeter
2. Distinguish ranges and scales in analogue
multimeter
3. Explain meter sensitivity
4. Explain significance of meter sensitivity
5. Explain analogue multimeter safety precautions
6. Relate meter resistance to sensitivity and meter
range
LEARNING OUTCOME

7. Show steps to use analogue multimeter


8. Demonstrate safety precautions in using
analogue multimeter
9. Choose the correct range and scale for
measurement.
10. Measure actual voltage, current and resistance
with analogue multimeter
PARTS AND FUNCTIONS OF ANALOGUE
MULTIMETER
 The multi meter is a common multi purpose
instrument used to measure electrical quantities in
a circuit (example: resistance, voltage & current)

 Analogue Multimeter consist of:


i. DC Ammeter
ii. DC and AC Voltmeter
iii. Ohmmeter
PARTS AND FUNCTIONS OF ANALOGUE
MULTIMETER
PARTS AND FUNCTIONS OF ANALOGUE
MULTIMETER
i. DC Ammeter
Use to measure the current flowing (electrical flow)
through a circuit (in S.I units called “Amps” symbolized
with “A”).
ii. DC and AC Voltmeter
Use to measure the potential across two
points ( in S.I units called “Volts ”symbolized with “V”).
iii. Ohmmeter
Use to measure the resistance through an electrical
component (in S.I. units called “Ohms” symbolized with
“Ω”).
PARTS AND FUNCTIONS OF ANALOGUE
MULTIMETER
SCALES OF ANALOGUE MULTIMETER
Ohmmeter
scale

AC voltage scale only DC voltage - Current and


for 10V (Red )scale) AC Voltage scale
(Scale : 10, 50, 250)
RANGES OF ANALOGUE MULTIMETER
Multimeter DC Multimeter AC
voltage range voltage range
setting setting

Multimeter
DC current
range
SIGNIFICANCE OF METER SENSITIVITY
1. Sensitivity is the ratio of total resistance of the
voltmeter to its full scale reading in volt, expressed
in Ohms per Volt.

Sensitivity (S) = 1/Ifsd (Ω/V)

2. Multimeters must have a high sensitivity of at least


20kΩ/V otherwise their resistance on DC voltage
ranges may be too low to avoid upsetting the circuit
under test and giving an incorrect reading.
ANALOGUE MULTIMETER SAFETY
PRECAUTIONS
1. Never apply power to the circuit while measuring
resistance with a multimeter.
2. Connect the multimeter in series with the circuit
for current measurements, and in parallel for voltage
measurements.
3. Be certain the multimeter is switch to AC before
attempting to measure AC circuits.
4. Observe the proper DC polarity when measuring DC
values.
ANALOGUE MULTIMETER SAFETY
PRECAUTIONS
5. When finished with a multimeter use, switch it
to OFF position, if available. If there is no OFF
position, switch the multimeter to the highest
voltage position.
6. Always start with the highest voltage or current
range.
7. Adjust the “0 ohm” reading after changing
resistance ranges and before making a resistance
measurement.
8. Be certain to read AC measurements on the AC
scale of a multimeter.
RELATE ANALOGUE METER RESISTANCE
TO SENSITIVITY AND METER RANGE

Meter Resistance = Sensitivity × max reading of range

Example:

A meter with 20kΩ/V sensitivity on its 10V range has a


resistance of 20kΩ/V × 10V = 200kΩ.
STEPS TO USE ANALOGUE MULTIMETER
Steps to measure voltage

i. Set the voltage type to test AC or DC voltage


ii. Start with the highest range
ii. Place the +ve and –ve probe to the ground
terminal and positive terminal
iii. Connect the voltmeter in parallel with the load
iv. Read the move of the pointer by DCV.A scale.
STEPS TO USE ANALOGUE MULTIMETER
voltage scales

Sample readings on the


scales shown:
DC 10V range: 4.4V (read
0-10 scale directly)
DC 50V range: 22V (read
0-50 scale directly)

AC 10V range: 4.45V (use


the red scale, reading 0-
10)
15
STEPS TO USE ANALOGUE MULTIMETER

Steps to measure current

i. Set the correct current range DCmA


ii. Start with the highest range
iii. Connect the Ammeter in series with the load by
following the right polarity (positive lead to positive
source and negative lead to negative source).
iv. Read the move of the pointer by DCV.A scale.

16
STEPS TO USE ANALOGUE MULTIMETER
Current scales

Sample readings on the


scales shown:
DC 2.5mA range: 1.1mA (read
0-250 and divide by 100)
DC 25mA range: 11mA (read
0-250 and divide by 10)
STEPS TO USE ANALOGUE MULTIMETER
Steps to measure resistor value

i. Do calibration before use multimeter to measure


resistor. Put meter probes together at range 1K and
adjust the "0 ADJ" until the pointer reads zero .
ii. Start with the highest ohm range.
iii. Choose a range that the resistance will be near the
middle of the scale.
iv. Put the probes across the component. The circuit to
be tested must be in power off status during the
resistance measurement.
v. Read the move of the pointer by Ω scale.
STEPS TO USE ANALOGUE MULTIMETER

Ω scales

Sample readings on the


scales shown:
26 × 1K range: 26KΩ
26 × 10K range: 260KΩ
HOW TO USE MULTIMETER TO MEASURE
VOLTAGE AND CURRENT
a
b
- +
COMM - +
(Red) COMM
(red)

+ V
R2 R3
-

Current measurement (a) – in series


Voltage measurement (b)- in
HOW TO USE MULTIMETER TO MEASURE
RESISTANCE

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