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Presentation On
The Internet of Things (IoT)
𝗣𝗿𝗲𝘀𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗱 𝗧𝗼
MD. Fahim Chowdhury
𝗟𝗲𝗰𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗲𝗿
𝗗𝗲𝗽𝗮𝗿𝘁𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝗢𝗳 English
Presented By
1)Khadiza Akter 2) Mahisha Nur
Anha
3) Nasnin Samiha 4) Arfan Wahid
Rabbi
 Introduction to IoT
The Internet of Things or IoT, is a system of connected devices through
the internet. It involves mechanical devices, sensors, home appliances,
vehicles, etc., apart from desktops, mobile, and laptops. These devices are
designed in such a way that they can share data with other devices over
the internet. IoT provides a platform for devices to interact and collaborate.

Why is IoT important?

Better Decision Making
Real-time Tracking and Monitoring
Automation
More Efficient Personal and Business Tasks
 Main Architecture of
1) Sensor IoT -
The sensor is the layer that connects the IoT device to the outer
environment or human being. As the name suggests, it senses the
changes and sends data to the cloud for processing. These sensors
continuously collect data from the environment and transmit the
information to the next layer: the pressure sensor, temperature
sensor, and light intensity detectors.

2) Gateway
Gateway facilitates data flow management and protocol layer to transfer
data from one device to another. It translates the network protocols
for devices and provides encryption for the data flowing in the
network. It’s like a layer between the cloud and devices that filter
away cyber attacks and illegal data access.

3) Connectivity
The data collected by sensors must be sent to the cloud for analytics.
Data need the internet to transfer data from one device to another.
Hence all IoT devices need to be connected to the internet
constantly. Networks like Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, WAN, and satellite
networks make it easy to stay connected. Data can be sent to the
cloud through these networks.
4) Cloud
IoT systems send massive data from devices, which must be managed efficiently
to generate meaningful output. To store this huge amount of data, the IoT
cloud is used. It provides tools to collect, process, and store data. Data is
readily available and remotely accessible through the internet. It also
provides a platform for analytics

5) Analytics
Analytics is the process of converting raw data into some meaningful form. IoT
analytics supports real-time analysis, which captures real-time changes and
irregularities. The data is then converted into a format that is easy to
understand by the end user. As a result, users or businesses can analyze the
trends shown in reports, predict the market, and plan to implement their
ideas successfully.

6) User Interface
The User interface is a visible, tangible part of IoT systems. It is that part of the
system which interacts with the end user. The information can be made
available either in report format or in the form of some actions like
triggering an alarm, a notification, etc. The user can also choose to perform
some actions.
 IoT Devices and Sensors
An Internet of Things (IoT) device is an internet-connected object that collects and
exchanges data with other devices and systems. Often, an IoT device uses sensors to
gather data on itself or its environment and sends this information to an IoT platform
that orchestrates the collection and analysis of data from many devices. Organizations
deploying IoT devices use analytics to generate insights that improve decision-making,
enable remote control over the device, or trigger an automated response.

Sensors
IoT sensors are devices that are used to detect and respond to optical or electrical
stimuli. These types of sensors allow the Internet of Things to gather data to aid in
better decision-making processes in organizations and businesses. Devices that
contain IoT sensors include a physical parameter such as temperature, humidity, and
speed into an electrical signal that is both readable and measurable.
How Do IoT Sensors Work?
 Data Collection
 Connectivity
 Data Processing
 User Interface
 IoT security (internet of things security)
IoT security (internet of things security) is the technology segment focused on
safeguarding connected devices and networks in iot. IoT involves adding internet
connectivity to a system of interrelated computing devices, mechanical and digital
machines, objects, animals and people. Each thing has a unique identifier and the
ability to automatically transfer data over a network. However, enabling devices to
connect to the internet opens them up to serious vulnerabilities if they aren't properly
protected.
 IoT Communication Protocols
The set of rules and standards that govern how data is processed and transferred between
IoT devices is called an IoT communication protocol. It defines how IoT devices
communicate with each other. Communication over an IoT network. Some commonly used
IoT communication protocols are explained below.
• Message Queue Telemetry Transport : Message Queue Telemetry Transport (MQTT) follows
the publish-subscribe model. In this model, the devices, known as publishers, do not send
information directly to the receivers. The information is only accessible to specific clients
called subscribers.
• Constrained Application Protocol : Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) follows the
client-server architecture supporting the RESTful principles. The resource is available
through a URL, and all the client IoT devices can make the following HTTP type requests to
the server: GET, POST, PUT, and DELETE.
• Hypertext Transfer Protocol : Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is a widely used protocol
for web communication,which is used to establish an IoT network. HTTP protocol allows
transferring a massive amount of data between IoT devices to help them interact with
different
web servers and access multiple
cloud services.
 IoT in Smart Homes
The Internet of Things (IoT) has revolutionized various aspects of our lives, and one area
where its impact is particularly evident is smart home technology.IoT has transformed
traditional homes into interconnected and intelligent living spaces that provide
convenience, efficiency, and enhanced control.
Here are some key roles that IoT plays in smart homes:
• Automation and Control: IoT allows for seamless automation and control of various parts of a
home, ranging from lighting and heating to security systems and entertainment devices. By
integrating these devices and enabling them to exchange information, IoT technology enhances
convenience, efficiency, and energy management within the home.
• Remote Access and Monitoring: One of the most crucial benefits of IoT in smart homes is the
ability to remotely control and monitor devices. Through smartphone applications or web
interfaces, homeowners can manage and adjust settings even when they are away from home.
• Enhanced Security and Safety: IoT enhances the security and safety features of a smart home.
Connected security systems, such as smart cameras, door locks, and motion sensors, provide real-
time alerts and video feeds, enabling homeowners to monitor and secure their homes remotely.
• Personalized Experiences: IoT enables the customization and personalization of the smart home
experience. By learning user preferences and behavior patterns, IoT systems can anticipate and
adapt to individual needs. From adjusting temperature and lighting to playing personalized music
playlists, smart homes powered by IoT
 IoT in Healthcare
Internet of Things (IoT)-enabled devices have made remote monitoring in the healthcare sector possible,
unleashing the potential to keep patients safe and healthy, and empowering physicians to deliver
superlative care. It has also increased patient engagement and satisfaction as interactions with doctors
have become easier and more efficient. Furthermore, remote monitoring of patient’s health helps in
reducing the length of hospital stay and prevents re-admissions. IoT also has a major impact on reducing
healthcare costs significantly and improving treatment outcomes. IoT has applications in healthcare that
benefit patients, families, physicians, hospitals and insurance companies.
The major advantages of IoT in healthcare include:
• Cost Reduction: IoT enables patient monitoring in real time, thus significantly cutting down
unnecessary visits to doctors, hospital stays and re-admissions
• Improved Treatment: It enables physicians to make evidence-based informed decisions and brings
absolute transparency
• Faster Disease Diagnosis: Continuous patient monitoring and real time data helps in diagnosing
diseases at an early stage or even before the disease develops based on symptoms
• Proactive Treatment: Continuous health monitoring opens the doors for providing proactive medical
treatment
 IoT and Big Data
Big data analytics plays a crucial role in the context of the Internet of Things (IoT) as it enables
the extraction of valuable insights from the vast amount of data generated by IoT devices.
IoT devices generate massive streams of data from various sensors and connected sources,
and traditional data processing methods often struggle to handle such volume, variety, and
velocity of data. Here's how big data analytics is utilized in IoT:
• Data Collection and Integration: IoT generates data from diverse sources, such as sensors,
wearables, connected vehicles, and more. Big data analytics tools facilitate the collection,
aggregation, and integration of this data from various devices and platforms.
• Real-Time Processing: IoT data is time-sensitive and requires real-time processing to make
immediate decisions or trigger actions. Big data analytics platforms with stream processing
capabilities can analyze data in motion and provide real-time insights and responses.
• Data Storage and Management: Big data technologies like Hadoop, NoSQL databases, and
data lakes are used to store and manage the large volumes of IoT data. These systems are
scalable and capable of handling the massive influx of data from IoT devices.
• Data Preprocessing and Cleaning: IoT data can be noisy and incomplete due to various
factors. Big data analytics tools can preprocess and clean the data, ensuring its quality and
reliability before further analysis.
• Data Analysis and Pattern Recognition: Big data analytics techniques, such as machine
learning and data mining, are applied to identify patterns, correlations, and anomalies in IoT data. This
allows for the discovery of valuable insights and actionable information.
 IoT in Agriculture
IoT technology can be used in agriculture to improve crop yields and efficiency. Sensors
measure environmental factors such as soil moisture, temperature, and light levels
while drones provide aerial imagery for precision farming practices like weed detection
and crop health monitoring. The use of the Internet of Things (IoT) in agriculture has
revolutionized the way farmers work and manage their farms. IoT devices can be used
to monitor crops, livestock, soil conditions, weather patterns, and pest infestations to
maximize yields and reduce costs.
Here are some examples.
• Precision Agriculture and Livestock Monitoring
• Crop Monitoring and Weather Forecasting
• Automated Pest Control
• Cost of Equipment and Installation
• Challenges of Implementing IoT in Agriculture

The implementation of IoT in agriculture can revolutionize the industry, but it is

important to consider the costs associated with purchasing and installing equipment,
as well as data security and privacy concerns. Additionally, there is a need for skilled
personnel who have experience operating this technology.
 IoT in Industrial Applications
The Industrial Internet of Things is the use of connected smart devices in industrial
applications for purposes such as automation, remote monitoring and predictive
maintenance. The IIoT is a more robust version of the Internet of Things, or IoT, which is
the realm of connected devices in commercial and consumer applications. Companies use
IIoT technology to automate previously manual processes and manage their assets
remotely, yielding new efficiencies and cost savings—and the sector is growing rapidly,
expected to generate between $1.4 trillion and $3.3 trillion by 2030 (26% of the total IoT
market value).
we’ll consider five top IIoT applications:
• Asset tracking: GPS-enabled devices can track assets on the move, from vehicles to individual
crates and boxes.
• Preventative maintenance: Connected sensors help predict needed maintenance for industrial
machinery and other assets.
• Inventory management: IIoT devices are bringing increased visibility to supply chains and
inventory for companies in the industrial sector.
• Remote monitoring and control : IoT sensors can perform some elements of assembly line
inspectors’ role by checking machinery for performance issues or defects and alerting managers
when there’s a problem.
• Employee and environmental safety: Companies are using connected sensors to help
monitor equipment usage, site logistics, and worker safety, making regulatory compliance a simpler
task.
 IoT and Energy
Management
Energy is one of the crucial resources for any business. Rising energy costs, increasing
demand, volatile energy markets, and strict enforcement of government policies are
some of the propelling factors that have led many organizations to find smart ways
for monitoring, controlling, and saving energy. Monitoring energy usage across your
whole organization is a daunting task and often ends up in an excess of data. In
today's connected world, the energy future will be inexorably linked to Internet of
Things (IoT). IoT Energy Management Solution is the solution to customers’ woes
and an enabler of digital transformation. Our solution can be utilized to better
manage your energy consumption patterns in commercial and industrial sectors by
taking complete control of your energy data at a fundamental and granular level.
Measuring energy data is a key component for implementing an energy management
plan. To be done effectively, a manager needs to:
• - Establish an energy data measurement system;
• - Designate staff in charge of monitoring energy use;
• - Ensure proper use of energy measuring instruments and ensure
safety of meters; and
• - Provide energy data in a complete and timely manner.
 Future of IoT(Internet of Things)
IoT is the biggest machine ever built by mankind – and it’s getting even bigger. Connected devices have
become part of our everyday lives, and the number of devices worldwide is set to exceed 26 billion by 2026,
up from 12 billion in 2019.This growth will be driven by the expansion of massive IoT and the proliferation of
5G networks, as well as eSIM and iSIM technology, which provide the underlying infrastructure while
simplifying device connectivity and remote SIM management (RSM). As more and more organizations look to
scale their IoT deployments and these networks continue to expand, new complexities and challenges will
emerge. Finding ways to overcome them will define industry priorities and trends in the coming years.

Looking ahead in 2024

In the broader context of connectivity, it is still very early in the life of IoT. But it is often at this
stage where the most growth occurs. 2024 promises to be another year of rapid evolution in the
industry, and organizations that proactively adapt to emerging challenges and opportunities will be
best positioned to thrive in the increasingly interconnected world of the future.
•Satellite connectivity will enable universal internet access and eliminate barriers to global IoT
deployments in remote areas.
•Remote SIM management and new remote provisioning standards will help organizations scale IoT
deployments by enhancing interoperability, improving security, and supporting environmental
efforts.
•Centralized management platforms will help organizations streamline and scale IoT operations.
 Overview of the Specific IoT System
A complete IoT system integrates four distinct components: sensors/devices, connectivity, data processing, and a user
interface. Below I will briefly explain each component and what it does.
1) Sensors/Devices
First, sensors or devices collect data from their environment. This could be as simple as a temperature reading or as complex as a full
video feed.
I use “sensors/devices,” because multiple sensors can be bundled together or sensors can be part of a device that does more than
just sense things. For example, your phone is a device that has multiple sensors (camera, accelerometer, GPS, etc), but your phone
is not just a sensor.
2) Connectivity
Next, that data is sent to the cloud but it needs a way to get there!
The sensors/devices can be connected to the cloud through a variety of methods including: cellular, satellite, WiFi, Bluetooth, low-
power wide-area networks (LPWAN), or connecting directly to the internet via ethernet.Each option has tradeoffs between power
consumption, range and bandwidth Choosing which connectivity option is best comes down to the specific IoT application, but they
all accomplish the same task: getting data to the cloud.
3) Data Processing
Once the data gets to the cloud, software performs some kind of processing on it.
This could be very simple, such as checking that the temperature reading is within an acceptable range. Or it could also be very
complex, such as using computer vision on video to identify objects Such as intruders in your house.
But what happens when the temperature is too high or if there is an intruder in your house? That’s where the user comes in.
4) User Interface
Next, the information is made useful to the end-user in some way. This could be via an alert to the user (email, text,
notification, etc). For example, a text alert when the temperature is too high in the company’s cold storage. Also, a user
might have an interface that allows them to proactively check in on the system. For example, a user might want to check
the video feeds in their house via a phone app or a web browser.
However, it’s not always a one-way street. Depending on the IoT application, the user may also be able to perform an action
and affect the system. For example, the user might remotely adjust the temperature in the cold storage via an app on their
phone. And some actions are performed automatically. Rather than waiting for you to adjust the temperature, the system
could do it automatically via predefined rules. And rather than just call you to alert you of an intruder, the IoT system could
also automatically notify relevant authorities.
 Technical Specifications of IOT
The term IoT, or Internet of Things, refers to the collective network of connected devices
and the technology that facilitates communication between devices and the cloud, as
well as between the devices themselves.The three requirements of the Internet of
Things are connectivity, sensors, and intelligence. These enable IoT devices to be
helpful and valuable but also bring specific challenges and considerations to address.
The Internet of Things keeps promising us a smarter future: fridges able to replenish
themselves by automatically ordering food at a local grocery store (in-fridge delivery
included!), bridges warning the oncoming cars about a frozen surface, or smart gear
that monitors your health and delivers real-time data straight to your doctor’s iPhone.
What is IoT technology made of? The IoT technology stack

The overview concerns the most popular IoT radio technologies broken down by
radio-frequency range achieved by each of the solutions: short range IoT radio
solutions, medium range solutions, and long range Wide Area Networks solutions.
 Challenges and Solutions & future
development
Common Challenges in IoT Development IoT development is intrinsically different from other
development projects. It combines software programming and hardware devices, which in itself is a
challenge. But IoT development also involves collection and transfer of data, and analysis.
1. Security Challenges
In our opinion, security is the most crucial issue that needs to be addressed for IoT. Developers working on
your IoT programming are usually not security experts, which opens your code to a range of
vulnerabilities and your devices to unauthorized access.
• Lack of encryption : Without encryption, the data transmitted to and from IoT devices can be
intercepted and read by unauthorized parties. This is especially concerning when the devices handle
sensitive or personal information.
• Privacy Concerns : Users may be reluctant to adopt IoT devices if they believe their personal data is at
risk. The lack of encryption exacerbates these privacy concerns, as it makes unauthorized access to
personal data more likely.
• Authentication Issues : Encryption is often used in conjunction with authentication protocols to ensure
that the device communicating on the network is actually the device it claims to be. Without encryption,
these authentication protocols are less secure, making the network more vulnerable to attacks.
• Network Security : Unsecured IoT devices can be exploited as entry points into a network, putting not
only the device but also other devices on the network at risk.
2.Costs
The infrastructure that IoT requires is expensive in itself, but the overall costs often prove to
be a surprise for most people. There are invisible costs to every major undertaking, and
IoT projects are not an exception to this. The cost of updates, maintenance, design,
replacing outdated devices, and the technical skillsets required can pile up very quickly.
3. Reliability and Hardware
As we have discussed previously, any successful IoT undertaking requires a robust and
secure infrastructure. Depending on the industry and business, the physical devices may
vary but their quality, upkeep, reliability, and efficiency are extremely important.Let’s
take sensors, for example. Many people believe that cheap sensors are easily available
and effective. However, sensors that last long and are reliable are rarely inexpensive.
4. Ease of Integration
One of the most complex parts of IoT development is ensuring that the IoT application can
be integrated with various platforms, OS, cloud services, and even legacy systems. The
failure to do so can result in a low-usability product that may not survive the
advancements in technology and business practices.
5 Connectivity
IoT sensors can only collect and transfer data if the connectivity is strong, and that is not
always the case. Especially when the devices are placed in remote areas, connectivity can
become a real issue. When you’re required to connect multiple cloud servers, physical
devices, and applications, connectivity is very important for the success of your project.
 How to overcome these challenges?

A well-developed IoT application can help you create additional revenue streams, lower
your costs and also help you build sustainable processes.We have built a primary
checklist to help you overcome the most common challenges associated with IoT
development:
Vet the technology partners you outsource your work to. Look for: team members with
expertise across the stack, a strong portfolio, automation capabilities, device
management, and technical know-how.
Budget for security solutions. You may need to add security solutions or additional
security experts to the team depending on your requirements.
Research the quality, durability, and reliability of the devices you invest in. While there
are a lot of cheap alternatives available, they may end up costing you more in the long
run.
If you are building an in-house team, budget for the skillsets required. Investing in
people will help you go a long way.
Ensure that the updates and maintenance are frequent and regular.
User research is non-negotiable. It will help you build a strong user experience and give
you a better understanding of their requirements.

This list is not exhaustive by any means, but it will help you get started on the planning and
budgeting of the project. If you are already mid-project, it can help you refocus your priorities.
Any Questions ?