The Integumentary System

covered with
 insulation
regulation of heat
excretion of
When you do
an intense
physical
activity, the
temperature
of your body
rises and
you perspire.
 This is
because the
skin
regulates
the
temperature
of the body.
It secretes water, together with
some salts and other
substances and this
immediately gives the body a
cooling effect.
helps for protection, regulation,
and sensation
The Integumentary System
Name the organ
of the body
and describe it.
 Our skin is next to the
kidneys
in importance as an organ
of excretion.
It eliminates fluid daily in
the
form of sweat or
perspiration.
Sweat is ninety-nine percent
(99%) water.
The remaining 1 percent is
sodium chloride and a
small amount of organic
wastes,
giving it a characteristic
smell.
The sweat glands of the
skin get rid
of sweat as waste
product.
Each sweat gland has a
much-twisted section
observed to be in close
contact
with the blood vessels.
 Wastes diffuse from the
capillaries
into the sweat glands.
Here they find their way out
through
the pores as sweat.
Sweat helps in the regulation of
our body temperature.
The body functions well at the
normal body temperature of
37C.
Twenty percent (20%) of the
excess
body heat is lost as a result of
the
evaporation of sweat.
 Function of the
Integumentary System
t protects the body’s internal living
tissues and organs.
It protects the body against
microorganisms
and invasion by infectious
organisms.
 It protect the body from
dehydration
and against abrupt changes in
temperature.
It helps dispose of waste materials.
acts as a receptor for touch, pressure
pain, heat and cold.
It stores water and fat.
help in the production of vitamin D
There are five organs in the
integumentary system.
They are the skin, hair, nails,
sebaceous glands (oil glands), and
sudoriferous glands (sweat
glands).
 kin
The skin is the largest organ in the
uman body and accounts for about
5% of your total body weight.
he skin is made of three main layers
he epidermis, the dermis, and
ubcutaneous tissue.
Layers of the Skin
thin outermost layer
and is
made up of many
small
layers.
One of them is called
the basale stratum
and is the
only one that can
complete a process
Cell division is when a already
existing cell divides into two
new cells. The skin is always
shedding dead cells so it's
important to always have new
cells.
The epidermis also contains a pigment
lled melanin, which gives skin its color
 African Americans contain more
elanin in their skin than Caucasian
People with a disorder
called Albinism
contain very little to
none melanin in their
skin giving them
almost pure white
skin and very light
blond hair.
The epidermis is non-vascular
meaning it doesn't contain
any blood vessels.
There are many different
types of cells within the
epidermis.
uamous Cells- A squamous cell is one type
a epithelial cell that covers almost everywhere.
They are flat and scaly and are on the surface
of the skin.
elanocytes- Produce melanin which is the pigme
that gives skin its color.
Langerhans
Cells- Are
created in bone
marrow and
move into the
epidermis and
help protect the
body
e skin has tiny openings called pores throu
which sweat and oil leave the body
the thicker inner
layer of the skin. It
contains blood
vessels,
connective tissue,
nerves, receptors,
sebaceous and
sudoriferous
glands, hair shafts
and
There are two main layers of
the dermis,
the upper papillary layer and
the
lower reticular layer.
layer consist of
ridges that cause
finger prints,
and receptors that
sense heat, pain,
pressure, cold, and
touch.
These communicate
with the central
nervous system so
that you can react
Your fingertips
and your lips
are more
sensitive than
other parts of
your body
because there
are more
receptors in
 The reticular
layer is made
of
connective
tissue and
contains,
hair follicles,
certain glands
and nerves.
C. Subcutaneous layer or
Hypodermis
(beneath the skin)
It is the
lowermost layer
of the
integumentary
system.It consists
of mostly adipose
tissue and is the
It serves to fasten the skin to
the underlying surface,
provides thermal insulation,
and absorbs shocks
from impacts to the skin.
Accessory Structure
 A. Sebaceous Glands or Oil Glands
The sebaceous
gland is a very
small gland that
can only be seen
under a
microscope.
You can find it
anywhere on
your skin, but
It connects to the
hair follicle on top
of the skin and
also helps protect
the skin.
It stops any
foreign objects
from entering
through a hair
follicle.
 an
oily secretion on hairs called sebum.
Sebum lubricates the hair and allows
it to stay healthy and shiny, but
when
large quantities of sebum are
created,
it protects the skin and hair from
water
by reducing the growth of
 Sebum prevents skin from cracking,
turning dry, and brittle. The main
function of the sebaceous gland is to
protect the skin.
Sudoriferous Glands or Sweat Glan
Are small tubular
structures of the
skin that produce
sweat. Sweat
glands are a type of
exocrine gland,
which are glands
that produce and
secrete substances
onto an epithelial
 Nails are created when epidermal
tissues hardens
because of a protein called keratin.
They are made of keratinized epidermal
cells.
Keratin is also used to form hair and the top
layer
of your skin.
The place where nails grow from is called the
"NAIL MATRIX", but are located in nail beds.
he nail root is where the nail starts, which is
hidden under your cuticle.
ls grow when new cells are created at the root,
which push the old cells out.
At the same time keratin hardens and
ttens them. It moves across the nail be
t part under nails) where you can see
s protect the sensitive tips of our finge
and toes and aid us when picking
up objects.
D. Hair
Hair is an altered type of skin that
grows everywhere on your body
except on your lips, eyelids, palms of
your hands, and the soles of your feet.
Although, it grows faster
in the summer and
during the day, then at
night in the winter.
Hair grows from follicles
that are hair shafts and
roots of your hair. The base
of your hair root is known as the hair
bulb, which is where nutrients are
received and new cells are formed.
Follicles are found in
the dermis. There are
also tiny muscles that
are attached to hair
follicles and in certain
occasions tighten
together to form
"goose pimples" or
" goose bumps" and
make the hair stand
up straight.
 outer layer is overlapping keratin scales
(cuticle),
center layer is keratinized protein fiber
(cortex), and
generally a central core of round cells
(medulla).
Medulla is usually
found in coarse hair,
but not likely
in natural blonde hair
and fine hair.
GENERALIZATION
 How do organs of the
Integumentary System work
together to protect the body?
EVALUATION
1. Protect the body from various
damages such as protection against
any diseases, maintain body
temperature, prevent water loss and
eliminate waste product.

A.Respiratory System
B.Musculo-skeletal System
C. Integumentary System
D.Excretory System
2. Provides protection to its underlying
tissues from viruses and bacteria,
mechanical damage, and UV light.
a. Skin
b. hair
c. bones
d. muscles
3. The following are organs of the
integumentary system, except____.
a. skin
b. hair
c. oil glands
d. teeth
4. Keeps us warm by preserving heat,
protect sensitive areas of the eyes from
dust and other small particles, decreasing
the amount of light and particles that go
into them and cushions the body against
injury.

a.Liver b. kidney c. hair d. heart

a. Brain
b. nails
c. skin
d. ribs