SKELETAL SYSTEM Final

The human body is composed of several
complex unit that work as one. The

smallest living unit of the body is cell.
Billions of cells, all of them specializing in
certain functions, makes up the body.
A group of similar cells with similar
functions is called a tissue. Tissues with a
specific function form an organ.
Organs are grouped into system. These
systems depend on each other and work
together.
Parts and Functions of the Human Body
11 Major Organ System in the Human Body
1. Circulatory System
2. Digestive System
3. Integumentary System
4. Muscular System
5. Skeletal System
6. Nervous System
7. Respiratory System
8. Reproductive System
9. Urinary System
10.Lymphatic System
11.Endocrine System
What does Manny Pacquiao possess that makes him
one of the best boxers in the world?
SKELETAL SYSTEM
Gives the body
structural support and
shape.
It holds the body as one
and allows it to move.
Examples
Why is the skeletal system very
important?
Skeletal System
- Provides the structural framework for the

body and protects internal organs such as the
heart, lungs and brain.
Functions of the Skeleton
1. It gives the body much-needed support.
2. It protects the internal organs in the body.
3. It makes body movement possible through
the muscles attached to them.
4. It stores important minerals like calcium.
5. It is where millions of blood cells are
produced.
Do you know that
there are around 206
bones in your body?
When you were a baby,
you had about 305 bones,
some of them eventually
fusing together as you
grow old.
2 Divisions of Skeleton
1. Axial skeleton – includes
the skull, the vertebral
column, the ribs, and the
sternum.
2. Appendicular skeleton –
includes the bones of the
shoulder, arms, hands,
hips, legs, and feet.
Classifications of Bones
1. Long bones – are found in the
limbs like arms and legs.
2. Short bones – are found in the
wrists and ankles.
3. Flat bones – are in the
shoulder blades and skull.
4. Irregular bones – are found in
face and vertebrae.
AXIAL SKELETON
-includes the skull, the
vertebral column, the ribs, and
the sternum.
-its function is to provide
support and protection for the
brain, spinal cord, and the
organs in the ventral cavity.
Skull
- Is consists of
cranium and facial
bones.
Cranium – is made of
eight bones joint
together to form a
rigid case that
protects the brain.
- The face is made up of 14 facial bones.
Eye socket – protects the eyeball.
Mandible or jawbone – protects the teeth.
Spinal Column
and the Ribs
- The spinal column protects the
spinal cord, a very delicate
organ.
(A person whose spinal cord is

injured may be paralyzed.)
Neck and backbone are made up
of irregular bones called vertebrae.
Vertebrae are arranged on top of
the other and move over each
other slightly.
 There are 33 vertebrae in the
spinal column of a child. As a
child grows, the last seven
bones join together to form just
two bones.
 The number of bones in the
spinal column of an adult is 26.
Ribs are the bones at the side of the
chest.
-It protects the lungs and the heart.
-There are 12 pair of ribs.
-The upper 7 pairs are the true ribs
because they are connected to the
breastbone or sternum.
-The lower 5 pairs are called false ribs.
(The upper 3 are connected to the breastbone
and the last 2 pairs are not connected.These ribs
are called floating ribs.)
APPENDICULAR
SKELETON
-includes the bones of
the shoulder, arms,
hands, hips, legs, and
feet.
-provide support and aids
the body movement
 The shoulder has the collarbone and
shoulder bone.
 Clavicle is the collarbone
found in front of the shoulder.
 Scapula is the shoulder bone

found at the back of your
shoulder.
 The lower
extremities are
composed of pelvic
bones that support
the lower parts of
the body and aid
the movement of
the legs.
Appendages
 Upper arm has one
long bone called
the humerus and
two bones in the
lower arm known
as the radius and
ulna.
 Radius or ulna is the
longer of the two bones in
the human forearm.
 Each wrist or carpals has 8
bones
 Palm or metacarpals has 5
bones
 Fingers or phalanges have
14 bones
 Legs are made up of long
bones.
 Femur – is the upper leg
and the longest bone in
the body.
 The smallest bone in

human body can be found
in the middle ear-
hammer, anvil, and stirrup
 Tibia and fibula are the two
bones in the lower leg.
 Patella – is the knee bone.
 Tarsals – are the anklebones
(7)
 Metatarsals – are the foot
bones (5)
 Phalanges – are the toe
bones (14)
Bone marrow – is very
important because it
manufactures the blood
cells in the body. Inside
the bones are hollow
spaces in which the red
blood cells are
manufactured and
calcium is stored.
2 Types of Bone Marrow
1. Red bone marrow – is
found in the humerus,
femur, pelvis and
vertebrae.
2. Yellow bone marrow –
is found in many other
bones.
Structure of the Bones
 Bones are made up of thousands of collagen
fibers embedded in mineral salts of calcium
and phosphorus. These minerals make the
bones hard and strong.
Compact bone (outer layer)
– provides strength and
protection.
Spongy bone (inner layer)
– the center is less-dense
and contains a jelly-like,
yellowish substance called
bone marrow.
Joints
- are formed where two
bones meet.
- each joint is designed for a
specific movement. Except
for the joint in the skull,
they can be classified
according to the
movement and the shape
of their parts.
Kinds of Joints
1. Ball and socket –
allows movement in
all directions. They
allow a person to
swing his/her arms
and legs.
- shoulder
- hips
2. Hinge Joint –
allows movement in
one direction only.
- elbow
- knee
3. Gliding joint – allows
side-to-side and back-
and-forth movement.
- wrist
- ankles
- vertebrae
4. Pivot joint – allows
rotation movement. The
joint where two bone of
lower arm, the radius and
ulna meet is a pivot joint.
-This joint allows a person
to twist the lower arm.
-The joint between the
first and second vertebrae
in your neck.
5. Immovable (fixed) joint
– do not allow movement.
Sutures in the skull are
immovable joint. All skull
bones except the lower
jaw are joint at sutures.
Healthful Habits to Keep Skeletal
System Healthy
1. Do regular exercises
2. Eat food rich in Calcium and Vitamin D
3.Wear proper equipment when playing a game
Riding a bike.
Evaluation:
Read each item carefully and choose the
letter of the correct answer.
1. Which is not the function of the skeletal
system?
a. It gives shape to the body.
b. It serves as framework of the body.
c. It protects the internal organs of the body.
d. It converts energy, which enables the body to
move?
2. Which is the longest bone in the
body?
a. Clavicle
b. Femur
c. Humerus
d. Tibia
3. Which of the following bones protect
the lungs?
a. Clavicle
b. Ribs
c. Scapula
d. Sternum
4. Why is the bone marrow important to
the body?
a. It stores much fat.
b. It makes the bone strong.
c. It produces red blood cells.
d. It produces new bone cells.
5. Which bone is an example of a hinge
joint?
a. Elbow
b. Hips
c. Skull
d. Wrist
Key Answer:
1. D
2. B
3. B
4. C
5. A
AVTIVITY 2
LABEL THE DIFFERENT PARTS OF
SKELETAL SYSTEM
1 11
2 12
3 13
4
5 14
6 15
7
16
8
17
18
9
19
10

SKELETAL SYSTEM Final

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The human body is composed of several

complex unit that work as one. The

- Provides the structural framework for the

(A person whose spinal cord is

 Scapula is the shoulder bone

 The smallest bone in

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