JAPA N E S E

OCC U PA T I O N
CHAPTER IX

LA NG G O, A RN IE JAY
CO
DIVINE M. X JOHN
MA N ISA N , KIETH ELLORIN, CYRE

A DIA N G , MAUREEN KATE

B
 Bombing by Japanese
 December 7, 1941 – Pearl Harbor was bombed by the Japanese.
 Military installations were bombed to weaken Amerivan bases in the Pacific:
- Clark Air Field
- Nichols Air Field
- Sangley Point
 National defense act : establishment of an infantry, consisting reserve force and active force. Army air cops, and a navy.

WORLD WAR II
 United States Armed forces In the Far East (USAFFE)- the military forces of US and Philippines were put under single command, headed by
Douglas McArthur.
. used its emerging power together with Italy and Germany.
 Axis Powers – Japan
 US and Great Britain agreed to Pursue a Europe first.
Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
 Japan aimed to free Asia from western colonizers , by giving independence to colonized Asian countries, with the
recognition of Japanese authority in the region.
 The Philippines as an American colony was to be freed from the clutches of the US hence the occupation of the coutry
from the Japanese invaders.
 TIMELINE
1941
• December 7 - The Japanese bomb Pearl Harbor Clark Field, Nichols Field, and Sangley Point
• December 24 - President Manuel Quezon makes Corregidor the seat of government
• December 26 - Manila is declared an Open City
• December 27 - The Japanese bomb Manila hitting Santo Domingo Church and the Intendencia.
1942
• January 1 - President Quezon signs an EO appointing Jorge Vargas as Mayor of Greater-Manila
• January 9 - The Japanese attack the USAFFE position in Bataan January 21 Prime Minister Hideki Tojo
announces the possibility of granting Philippine independence if the Filipino cooperate
• February 6 - Aguinaldo, through a radio broadcast, urges MacArthur and the USAFFE to surrender
• February 20 - Quezon leaves Corregidor and proceeds to Iloilo, Negros and Mindanao
• March 26 - Quezon is brought to Australia and then to the US April 9 General Edward King surrenders
USAFFE forces in Bataan, Death March begins
 TIMELINE
1943
• June 18 - The KALIBAPI holds its first general assembly and is instructed by the Japanese D form the
Preparatory Commission for Philippine Independence (PCPI)
• September 25 - The National Assembly elects Laurel as the president of the future republic
• October 14 - Jose P. Laurel is induced into office, the Philippine Republic is inaugurated
1944
• April Air-raid drills begin in Manila May 2 Jose Abad Santos is executed.
• February 3 American forces enter Manila; the month-long Battle of Manila begins February 27 General
MacArthur who had taken over the military administration of the Philippines hands t the reins of civil
government to President Osmena.
• September 3 General Tomoyuki Yamashita formally surrenders all Japanese forces the Philippines.
• July 4 MacArthur proclaims the liberation of the entire archipelago from the August 15 Japan surrenders
unconditionally to the Allied Powers.
• August 1 Quezon dies in Saranac Lake, New York, Osmena succeeds as President
• October 20 US forces land in Leyte
• October 24-26 Battle of Leyte Gulf
• December 8 Formal inauguration of Makapili
 TIMELINE
1945
• January 9 US forces land in Lingayen, Pangasinan.
• February 3 American forces enter Manila; the month-long Battle of Manila begins
• February 27 General MacArthur who had taken over the military administration of the Philippines
hands over the reins of civil government to President Osmeña.
• July 4 MacArthur proclaims the liberation of the entire archipelago from the enemy.
• August 15 Japan surrenders unconditionally to the Allied Powers.
• September 3 General Tomoyuki Yamashita formally surrenders all Japanese forces in the Philippines
 War starts in the Philippines Excerpt breaking the silence
• Written by Lourdes Reyes Mortinola (daughter of Nicanor Reyes, founder of Far Eastern Universuty.
• The writer was 14 years old when the war broke out in 1941
• Her family died, because Japanese forces stormed their house in Agno Street, Malate (February 9,
1945)

Primary Source:
• Japanese bombed the military installation like Clark, Nichols
• They also bombed other places like Baguio, Davao, Manila, and they land in the northern part of Luzon
• December 10, 1941, they landed in Vigan and Aparri
• December 20, in Davao
• December 22, in Lingayen Pangasinan
• December 24, in Atimonan and mauban in Lamon Bay
 Of April 9, 1942 from Malinta Tunnel, Corrigedor
• Death march, march under the heat of the sun effected soldiers’ hunger, dehydration, and fatigue.
• Japanese concentrate bombing Corregidor ‘’the rock Fortress” of the Americans
• In May 6, 1942, USAFFE Commander-in-Chief, Jonathan Wainright surrendered the USAFFE forces to
General Masaharu Homma

PRIMARY SOURCE
• Bataan has fallen. The Philippine-American troops on the war-ravaged and bloodstained peninsula
have laid down their arms. With heads bloody but unbowed, they have yielded to the superior force
and numbers of the enemy. The world will long remember the epic struggle that Filipino and American
soldiers put up in the Jungle fastness and along the rugged coast of Bataan. They have stood up
uncomplaining under the constant and grueling fire of the enemy for more than three months.
Besieged on land and blockaded by sea cut off from all sources of help in the Philippines and in
America, the intrepid fighters nave done all that human endurance could bear.
 Address to the People of the Philippines by Lieutenant General
Masaharu Homma

 The Filipinos were lukewarm to the idea of the Japanese because it meant servitude to Japanese needs
instead of betterment for the Philippines.

PRIMARY SOURCE
• Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere- to established spirit of Universal brotherhood.
• To march along the road of economic and political progress.
• To make a universe home.
• Reconstruction of East Asia with closer relation among its people with spiritual support of Japan.
• American forces as an enemy, always treat the innocent Filipino people with kindness and
consideration to refrain, without just case, from endangering their daily existence.
 Inaugural Address of President Jose P. Laurel
• In 1943, activites were underway for the granting of independence to the Philippines by the Japanese,
who were occupying the country during World War 2.
• The Kapisanan sa Paglilingkod sa Bagong Pilipinas (KALIBAP), which was the only political party allowed
by the Japanese, was established in December 1942.
• In June 1943, the Preparatory Commission for Philippine Independence (PCPI) was organized, with Jose
P. Laurel as its head. The PCPI prepared a constitution, which was approved by the Japanese
government.
PRIMARY SOURCE
• Emphasizes the importance of maintain peace and order within the country. The speaker highlights
that without domestic tranquility, the nation cannot progress or prosper
• The necessary of improving various sectors such as agriculture, livestock, fisheries, and the production
of essential goods.
• Emphasize the need to foster private initiative in business, stimulate scientific research and invention,
establish new industries, improve transportation and communication facilities, contruct roads, build
ships to support overseas and coast wise trade.
 Letter of Claro M. Recto to Director General of the Japanese
Military Administration
 On June 15, 1944, Claro M. Recto wrote to Lieutenant General Takaki Wachi, the director general of the
Japanese atrocities. Despite the establishment of a Japanese- sponsored Republic with Jose P. Laurel,
Filipinos did not readily accept Japanese Occupation.
 Recto still serving as minister of foreign affairs under Laurel, expressed concerns about daily life under
the Japanese regime, including issues like propensity for slapping, executions without due process,
outright confiscation of property and violence towards women.
PRIMARY SOURCE
- The proclamation of the independence of the Philippines and the establishment of the Government of
the Republic have not minimized these occurrences. They used to be done before and they have
continued and continue to be done now. Most of the towns in the provinces are still actually governed by
the commanders of the local Japanese garrisons, who treat the municipal mayors as their subordinates
even to the extent of beating them publicly, and who continue to arrest and punish people without
advising either the local civil authorities or the national government, and naturally without turning over
the accused persons to the authorities of the Republic. The only sign of independence is the display of
the Filipino flag.
Liberation of the Philippines
Proclamation of General
Douglas MacArthur
Commander-in-chief of the
United States army to the
People of the Philippines.
 PRIMARY SOURCE

 August 1944 – The first American air raids in the Philippines took place in Davao.
 September 21 – Manila experienced American air raids prompting president Laurel to proclaim the
existence of war against the US.
 October 20 – American forces landed in Leyte.
 December 21 – the Laurel government evacuated to Baguio.
 January 1945- American forces landing in Lingayen, Pangasinan.
 July 4 – Douglas MacArthur proclaimed that the Philippines had been liberated from the enemy.
 August 15, 1945 – Japan surrendered unconditionally to the allied powers.
 September 3 – General Tooyuki Yamashita surrendered all Japanese forces in the Philippines.
 The words “I shall return,” uttered by MacArthur when he departed the Philippines in 1941, sustained
the spirit of the Filipinos during the Occupation years.
 On October 20, 1944, MacArthur announced the fulfillment of his promise.
 Chapter
• Japan occupiedSummary
the Philippines to implement the former’s
idea of greater East asia Co-Prosperity Sphere.
• Colonies of Western Powers in Asia were granted
indepence by the Japanese as a realization of the idea
“Asia for the Asians”.
• The Philippines was granted independence and a republic
was established headed by Jose P. Laurel.
• Filipino leaders like Jose P. Laurel and Claro M. Recto
worked to protect the Filipinos from the invader. In a word,
both were pro-Filipino.
• The Americans helped in the liberation of the Philippines
from the Japanese.
Th a n k
y o u !