Maths Subject Enrichment

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10× Multiplication Table

Division is the opposite of multiplying. When we know a multiplication fact we can find a division fact:
Example: 3 × 5 = 15, so 15 / 5 = 3.
Also 15 / 3 = 5.
Why? Well, think of the numbers in rows and columns like in this illustration:

Multiplication... ...Division
3 groups of 5 make 15... ...so 15 divided by 3 is 5

and also:

5 groups of 3 make 15... ...so 15 divided by 5 is 3.


Knowing your Multiplication Tables can help you with division!
Example: What is 28 ÷ 7 ?

Searching around the multiplication table we find that 28 is 4 × 7, so 28 divided by 7 must be 4.


Answer: 28 ÷ 7 = 4
Composing and Decomposing Numbers

Composing
So 349 is composed of 3 hundreds, 4 tens and 9 ones, in other words:
300 + 40 + 9 ⇒ 349
"Composing"

Decomposing
Decomposing is when we break the number apart:
349 ⇒ 300 + 40 + 9
"Decomposing"
Integers = { ..., -5, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ... }

Negative Integers = { ..., -5, -4, -3, -2, -1 }

Positive Integers = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ... }

Non-Negative Integers = { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ... } (includes zero, see?)


Summary
Here they are again:

Type of Number Quick Description


Counting Numbers {1, 2, 3, ...}
Whole Numbers {0, 1, 2, 3, ...}
Integers {..., -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, ...}
p/q : p and q are integers, q is not
Rational Numbers
zero
Irrational Numbers Not Rational
Real Numbers Rationals and Irrationals
Squaring them gives a negative
Imaginary Numbers
Real Number
Combinations of Real and
Complex Numbers
Imaginary Numbers

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