SREE RAMA EDUCATIONAL SOCIETY GROUP OF

INSTITUTIONS
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi - Affiliated to JNTUA, Ananthapuramu)
AnRami
ISOReddy
9001:2015
Nagar,&Karakambadi
ISO 14001:2015 certified Institution
road, Tirupati-517507

Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering

Title: Plant growth monitoring and automation using iot platform

Academic Year 2023-2024

Presented By :
Batch No: A13
Names: Roll no’s:
Guide :
Mrs.T.L. REKHA REDDY, M.Tech,
J. Vasanth kumar 204C1A0454
Associate prof B. Naresh 204C1A0423
Department of ECE, K. Subhash 204C1A0458
SREE RAMA ENGINEERING COLLEGE
H. Samatha 204C1A0451
1
 CONTENTS

 Abstract
 Introduction
 automated system
 Existing System
 Proposed system
 Advantages of Proposed Systems
 Block Diagram for Proposed System
 Circuit diagram
 Applications
 Advantages
 Result
 Conclusion
 Future scope
 Reference
 ABSTRACT

 Agriculture is a very important economic sector that contributes to a nation’s overall

economic development. According to the UN Food and Agriculture Organization, with a
rising population.

 The cereals demand will reach 3 billion tons by 2050. Also, the mission of Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs) is to provide zero hunger and sustainable agriculture by
2030. With a simultaneous decline in cultivable land and water scarcity, food production
has to increase in order to achieve the above mission.

 Vertical farming is a current state of art agriculture technology to increase crop yield per
unit area. This work focuses on designing and constructing an IoT-enabled smart vertical
farming system with a controlled environment for plant growth. This system uses the
hydroponic Deep Flow Technique (DFT), various sensors, and an auto pH and Total
Dissolved Solids (TDS) balancing system.
 INTRODUCTION

 The continuous increase in the world population greatly impacts the food demand, as it is
estimated that, the global population could grow to around 9.7 billion in 2050, and 10.9 billion
in 2100 when compared with the projected 7.7 billion people worldwide in 2019.
 At the same time, it is an alarming situation for India. As India’s population is expected to
reach 1.7 billion which will make India the most populated country. With the increasing
population, as the food demands are increasing, cultivable/arable land is decreasing.
 It was reported in that there is a 42% increase in land requirement for food between 1963-
2009 with about a 48% per capita decrease in the same for India
 As per the estimation reported in (Nath et al., 2015), the demand for water and food in India is
likely to increase by 2050. Food requirement is projected to reach 481 and 515 million tons by
2050 and 2065 respectively. As the Indian economy is highly dependent on agricultural fields,
there is a need to shift to new agricultural practices to meet the increasing population’s high
food requirements with minimum land use.
Automated and forming system

Fig.1. Automated hydroponic vertical forming system

 EXISTING SYSTEM

 In the current scenario, conventional greenhouses face several challenges related

to plant cultivation. Here are some key points about the existing system:

1. Resource Limitations: Conventional greenhouses lack smart environments, suffer

from plant diseases, have limited farmland, and face soil degradation. These
factors lead to decreased crop production.

2. Manual Monitoring: Monitoring plant health parameters manually is time-

consuming and often impractical. Environmental conditions (such as high
temperatures, abnormal humidity, and poor soil quality) can adversely affect
plant growth.

3. Inefficient Resource Utilization: Efficient resource utilization (energy and water)

is crucial for increased crop yield. However, existing systems struggle to optimize
resource usage effectively.
 PROPOSED METHODOLOGY

 To address these limitations, researchers propose intelligent IoT-based systems for

plant monitoring and automation.

 The system remotely provides users with real-time information related to plant
conditions. It focuses on critical parameters such as temperature, humidity, and soil
moisture intensity.

 Based on plant conditions, users can control a solenoid valve By monitoring critical
parameters, the system optimizes water usage and energy consumption.

 Users can track plant health from anywhere, ensuring timely interventions. Proper
monitoring and timely actions lead to healthier plants and improved crop production

.
 ADVANTAGES OF PROPOSED
SYSTEM
 This capability not only helps to reduce the risk of crop loss but also promotes
more sustainable practices by minimizing the use of pesticides and fertilizers.

 Overall, the main goal of the plant health monitoring system is to optimize plant
growth and health while reducing waste and maximizing yields.
Block Diagram for Proposed System
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF ARDUINO BROARD
WITH ALL SENSORS
DTH11 SENSOR:

DHT11 consist of both humidity and temperature sensor. For measuring

humidity there are two electrodes with moisture holding substrate between them. So
when the humidity changes, the resistance between these electrodes changes and
conductivity of the substrate changes. This change in resistance are measured and
processed by the IC which makes it ready to be read by a microcontroller

SOIL SENSOR:
Soil moisture sensor is used to detect the moisture of the soil. This sensor is made up
of two pieces: the electronic board at the right, and the probe with two pads, that
detects the moisture content of soil.

Magnetic Buzzer (Sounder):

Buzzers like the TMB-series are magnetic audible signal devices with built-in
oscillating circuits. The construction combines an oscillation circuit unit with a
detection coil, a drive coil and a magnetic transducer. Transistors, resistors, diodes
and other small devices act as circuit devices for driving sound generators.
 WATER LEVEL SENSOR:
 In the following circuit, the BC547B transistor is an essential component that works like a switch in
this circuit. The rain sensor is very responsive to water drops or rainfalls. The circuit sensitivity can
be adjusted through a variable resistor. Once the rain falls onto the sensor strips then the circuit
will be activated because water is a great electricity conductor.
 L293D Pin diagram
Features
 Wide Supply-Voltage Range: 4.5 V to 36 V

 Separate Input-Logic Supply

 Internal ESD Protection

 Thermal Shutdown

 High-Noise-Immunity Inputs

 Functionally Similar to SGS L293 and SGS L293D

 Output Current 1 A Per Channel (600 mA for L293D)

 Peak Output Current 2 A Per Channel (1.2 A for L293D)

 Output Clamp Diodes for Inductive Transient Suppression (L293D)

Comparative performance for the plant growth in terms of FWAP,
FWR, DWAP, DWR, and TNL for the automated and unautomated
setup.
PARAMETERS PROPOSED EXISTING SYSTEM
AUTOMATED SYSTEM

FWAP 58.66 46.81

FWR 3.90 2.86

DWAP 2.99 2.25

DWR 0.29 0.19

TNL 21.33 20.09

 REAL TIME APPLICATIONS
 Watering Control:- IoT sensors can monitor soil moisture levels and automatically water plants
when necessary, ensuring optimal hydration without wastage.
 Lighting Optimization:- Sensors can detect light intensity and adjust artificial lighting for indoor
plants, mimicking natural sunlight conditions for optimal growth.
 Temperature and Humidity Regulation:- IoT devices can monitor environmental factors like
temperature and humidity, ensuring plants are kept in their preferred growing conditions.
 Nutrient Management:- Sensors can monitor nutrient levels in soil or hydroponic systems,
allowing for precise dosing of fertilizers or nutrients, optimizing plant health.
 Pest and Disease Detection:- IoT systems can detect early signs of pests or diseases through
data analysis, enabling timely intervention and preventing widespread damage.
 Remote Monitoring and Control:- Users can monitor and control plant conditions remotely via
mobile apps or web interfaces, providing flexibility and convenience.
 Data Analytics for Optimization:- IoT platforms collect data over time, enabling analysis for
trends and patterns that can be used to optimize plant growth strategies.
 Integration with Smart Home Systems:- Plant monitoring systems can integrate with smart home
ecosystems, allowing for seamless automation and interaction with other connected devices.
 These applications collectively contribute to efficient and sustainable plant management,
whether in agriculture, horticulture, indoor gardening, or urban farming settings .
 Advantages
 Optimized Resource Use:- By monitoring environmental factors like water, light, and nutrients,
these systems ensure resources are used efficiently, reducing waste and osts.
 Improved Plant Health:- Continuous monitoring allows for early detection of issues such as
nutrient deficiencies, pests, diseases, or environmental stress, enabling timely intervention to
maintain plant health.
 Increased Yield and Quality:- By maintaining optimal growing conditions, plant monitoring
systems can lead to higher yields and better-quality produce or plants.
 Labor Savings:- Automation of tasks such as watering, lighting control, and nutrient
management reduces the need for manual labor, saving time and effort.
 Remote Monitoring and Control:- Users can monitor and manage plant growth conditions from
anywhere, providing flexibility and convenience, especially for large-scale operations or when
away from the site
 Data-Driven Decision Making:- Plant monitoring systems collect data over time, enabling
analysis and insights that can inform decision-making processes for improved strategies
and outcomes.
 Sustainability:- By optimizing resource use and minimizing environmental impact, these
systems contribute to sustainable agriculture and reduced carbon footprint.
 Scalability:- The modular nature of IoT-based plant monitoring systems allows for
scalability, from small-scale home gardens to large commercial farms, with the ability to
add or modify components as needed.
 Overall, plant growth monitoring systems enhance productivity, sustainability, and the
overall health of plants, making them valuable tools for modern agriculture and
horticulture practices.
Result:
When the system is switched on led blinks indicated system is functioning well. DHT11 sensor
detects the temperature and humidity and displays on LCD. Then soil sensor senses the
whether soil is dry or wet if the soil is dry then motor will be switched on then it pumpes the
water to plant. While water is pumping water sensor reads the water level how much water is
watered to the plant after soil is wet motor stops pumping water
 CONCLUSION

 Due to the increasing world population, loss of arable land, and in creasing
food demands, new agricultural practices are required.
 As it has been reported that the amount of arable land has declined 48% per
capita with a 42% increase in the requirement of the same for India.
 There is a huge requirement for new agricultural practices. Therefore, this
research work has focused on the latest farming tech vertical farming.
 It is the latest technique to deal with the crisis as it offers high yield, less
water usage, and is not affected by climate conditions.
 FUTURE SCOPE

 In this present system, automation is done using an IoT system. Considering the
next generation, ML algorithms could be further used to improve the performance
of the automated system.

 Also, in this article, CO2 enhancement is not done due to its lower feasibility but
could be considered for future work to study plant growth enhancement with
automated CO2 generation.
 REFERENCE
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