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Types of Structural Failures

Structure failures types

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266 views10 pages

Types of Structural Failures

Structure failures types

Uploaded by

getamesayamare
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Types of Structural

Failures
Structural failures can occur in various components of a building or
infrastructure, including foundations, beams, columns, and walls.
Understanding the different types of failures and their
measurement criteria is crucial for designing safe and durable
structures.
TA
by Tesfamikael Amare
Foundation Failures
1 Soil Settling 2 Bearing Capacity
Exceedance
Uneven settling of the soil
can cause foundation When the weight of the
cracks and differential structure exceeds the
settlement, compromising soil's bearing capacity, it
the stability of the can lead to foundation
structure. failure and collapse.

3 Lateral Movement
Soil erosion, landslides, or lateral forces can cause the
foundation to shift and compromise the structural integrity.
Beam Failures
Bending Failure Shear Failure Torsional Failure

Excessive loads or stress can cause Inadequate beam reinforcement or Twisting forces can cause a beam
a beam to bend and fail, leading to high shear forces can result in the to fail, particularly in structures
structural collapse. beam splitting or cracking. with irregular shapes or loads.
Column Failures
Buckling Crushing
Columns can fail due to Insufficient column strength
excessive compressive or poor material quality can
loads, causing them to bend lead to the column being
and buckle. crushed under load.

Shear Failure Eccentric Loading


Lateral forces or inadequate Uneven or off-center loads
column reinforcement can on a column can create
cause the column to fail in bending stresses, leading to
shear. failure.
Wall Failures

Cracking
Walls can crack due to structural stresses, foundation movement, or poor
construction techniques.

Bulging
Excessive lateral forces or inadequate wall reinforcement can cause the wall to
bulge and fail.

Collapse
In severe cases, walls may completely collapse due to overloading or
catastrophic structural failure.
Measurement Criteria for
Foundation Failures
1 Settlement
Measure the amount of vertical displacement or
settling of the foundation over time.

2 Tilt
Assess the degree of angular displacement or tilting of
the foundation structure.

3 Cracking
Examine the size, location, and pattern of cracks in the
foundation for signs of failure.
Measurement Criteria for
Beam Failures
Deflection Measure the amount of
vertical displacement or
sagging of the beam under
load.

Cracks Inspect the beam for any


visible cracks, particularly at
the supports or mid-span.

Stress Levels Calculate the actual stresses


in the beam and compare to
the allowable design
stresses.
Measurement Criteria for
Column Failures
Plumb
Ensure the column is perfectly vertical and not leaning
or out of alignment.

Deformation
Measure any bending, twisting, or other deformation of
the column structure.

Spalling
Check for any concrete spalling or exposed/corroded
reinforcement in the column.
Measurement Criteria for Wall Failures

Crack Width Bulge Magnitude Tilt and Plumb


Measure the width and pattern of Determine the extent of any Evaluate the wall's verticality and
cracks in the wall to assess the level outward bulging or deformation of ensure it is not leaning or out of
of structural distress. the wall surface. alignment.
Design Implications and Conclusions
1 Robust Design 2 Monitoring and 3 Interdisciplinary Approach
Maintenance
Understanding the different Effective structural design
types of structural failures is Regular inspections and requires collaboration between
crucial for designing buildings monitoring of key structural engineers, architects, and
and infrastructure with components can help identify construction professionals to
increased resilience and safety. potential issues before they address all potential sources of
lead to catastrophic failures. failure.

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