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Topic 27 - Fundamental Theorem For Line Integrals

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5 views17 pages

Topic 27 - Fundamental Theorem For Line Integrals

Uploaded by

julialoya35
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Topic: Fundamental

Theorem for Line Integrals


Fundamental Theorem for Line
Integrals
THEOREM: Let be a smooth curve given by the vector function .
Let be a differentiable function of two or three variables whose
gradient vector is continuous on . Then,

This is also true for piecewise-smooth curves.


Fundamental Theorem for Line
Integrals
We can evaluate line integrals of conservative vector fields by
evaluation of the potential function at the endpoints.

ges taken from Calculus: Early Transcendentals 8 th Edition by James Stewart


Implications of the FT for Line
Integrals
If two paths and have the same starting point and terminal point,
then

If is a closed curve, then

Thus, the integral is path independent.


Independence of Path
The line integral

is independent of path in if and only if

for every closed path in .


Conservative Vector Field
Suppose is a vector field that is continuous on an open connected
region If

is independent of path in , then is a conservative vector field on ;


that is, there is a function such that .
Conservative Vector Fields
If

is a conservative vector field where and have continuous first


partials, then

Therefore,

The converse is not always true!


Simply-Connected
A simply-connected region in the plane is a connected region
such that every simple closed curve in encloses only points
that are in .
Conservative Vector Fields -
Theorem

Suppose the region is open and simply-connected. If has


continuous first-order partial derivatives and

then is a conservative vector field.


Example
I

a conservative vector field?


Example
I

a conservative vector field?


Example
Find a potential function for the conservative vector field
Example
Find a potential function for the conservative vector field
Example
Find a potential function for the conservative vector field
Example
Find a potential function for the vector field

Then, evaluate

where for
Example
Find the work done by the gravitational field

in moving a particle with mass from the point to the point along
a piecewise-smooth curve .
Example (Cont’d)

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