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    The Nervous System Report2.

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    The Nervous System Report2.

    Uploaded by

    jiannatoy
    4 views14 pages

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    4 views14 pages

    The Nervous System Report2.

    Uploaded by

    jiannatoy

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 14

    THE NERVOUS

    The Nervous
    SYSTEMSystem
    The Nervous System
    Communication among organ systems is vital if
    they are to work together as a team. They must be
    able to respond to each other and change their
    responses as needed to keep the body in balance .
    Communication among organ systems is controlled
    mainly by the Autonomic Nervous System and the
    Endocrine System . The Autonomic Nervous System
    is part f the nervous system that controls involuntary
    functions such as heart rate , blood flow , and
    digestion . You don’t have to tell your heart to beat
    faster and to command your stomach muscles to push
    food through the digestive system.
    The autonomic nervous system organizes or orchestrates
    all the signals needed to control the involuntary
    functions . It sends messages between parts of the
    Nervous System and other organ systems via chemical
    messengers called Neurotransmitters .
    The two most common neurotransmitters released by
    neurons of the ANS are Acetylcholine and
    Norepinephrine.
    Acetylcholine is the chief neurotransmitter that contacts
    smooth muscles , dilates blood vessels , increase bodily
    secretions , and slows heart rate.
    Acetylcholine can stimulate a response or block a
    response and thus can have excitatory or inhibitory
    effects.
    Norepinephrine as a neurotransmitter in the central
    nervous system , it increases alertness , arousal ,
    speeds reaction time and has been shown to play a
    role in a person’s and ability to concentrate.
    • NERVOUS SYSTEM
    • Nervous System throughout the animal kingdom vary
    in structure and complexity .
    • Vertebrate Nervous system are more complex , centralized
    , and specialized . While there is great diversity among
    different vertebrate nervous systems , they all share a basic
    structure : a CNS that contains a brain and spinal cord and a
    PNS made up of peripheral sensory and motor nerves .
    • The brain receives and interprets stimuli and transmits
    impulses to organs . Your brain uses the information it
    receives to coordinate all of your actions and reactions .
    The spinal cord functions primarily in the transmission of
    nerve signals from the motor cortex to the body , and from
    afferent fibers of the sensory neurons to the sensory
    cortex.
    • Some organisms , like sea sponges , lack a true
    nervous system . Others like jellyfish and hydra ,
    lack a true brain and instead a separate system but
    connected nerve cells(neurons)called a “nerve net.”
    • Echinoderms such as sea stars have nerve cells that
    are bundled into fibers called nerves .
    • Flatworms of the phylum Platyhelminthes have
    both a central nervous system(CNS)made up of a
    small “ brain ” and two nerve cords , and a
    peripheral nervous system(PNS)containing a system
    of nerves that extend throughout the body .
    • Insect Nervous System is more complex but also
    fairly decentralized . It contains a brain , ventral
    nerve cord , and ganglia(clusters of connected
    neurons). These ganglia can control movements and
    behaviors without input from the brain.
    Octopuses may have the most complicated among
    invertebrate nervous system---they have neurons that are
    organized in specialized lobes and eyes that are
    structurally similar to vertebrate species .
    • One interesting difference between the nervous system
    of invertebrates and vertebrates is that the nerve cords
    of many invertebrates are located ventrally whereas the
    vertebrate spinal cords are located dorsally .

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