WEB DEVELOPMENT TECHNOLOGY

Prepared By
Mr. Sudipta De
 WEB TECHNOLOGIES

Objectives:
⚫ Know the techniques for improving the accessibility of an HTML document.
⚫ Know the techniques involved to support reach web development application.
⚫ To understand the web development and database technology.
⚫ To give the fundamental skills he needed to understand the concept of web
development.
⚫ To learn fundamentals of client and server set Pro scripting
Outcomes:
⚫ Acquire knowledge about functionalities of world
wide web.
⚫ Explore markup languages features and create
interactive
web pages using them.
⚫ Learn and design Client side validation using
scripting languages.
⚫ Acquire knowledge about Open source
JavaScript libraries.
⚫ Able to design front end web page and
connect to the back
end databases.
TEXT BOOKS :

1.Harvey & Paul Deitel & Associates, Harvey Deitel and Abbey
Deitel, “Internet and World Wide Web - How To Program”, Fifth
Edition, Pearson Education, 2011.
2. Achyut S Godbole and Atul Kahate, “Web Technologies”, Second
Edition, Tata McGraw Hill, 2012.
WHAT IS WEB TECHNOLOGY?

• Web technology refers to the means by which computers

communicate with each other using markup languages and
multimedia software packages. It gives us a way to interact with
hosted information, such as websites.
• It involves the use of Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) and
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS).
• The three basic languages that make up the World Wide Web are
HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.
WHAT ARE WEB TECHNOLOGIES?

• Web technologies are the various tools and techniques that are
utilised in the process of communication between different types
of devices over the internet.
• Let’s break it down into two pieces: ‘web’ and
‘technology’.
• The web, in this case, refers to the World Wide Web, more
commonly known as www. It first came into being in 1989 when
famous scientist and engineer, Tim Berners-Lee, came up with an
efficient mechanism to share resources between scientists all over
the world.
WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF WEB
⚫ The basics, which TECHNOLOGIES?
will cover web browsers and some web
app development fundamentals
⚫ Programming languages and frameworks which are used in
the development of websites
⚫ Databases that are used at the backend to store data
required or collected by websites
⚫ Some protocols, that is, rules for communicating on the
web
⚫ Graphic, audiovisual, and other multimedia elements
⚫ Some data formats that are usually used to transmit data over the
internet
⚫ Other miscellaneous web technologies
ABOUT INTERNET:
• A network is a group of connected, communicating devices such as
computers, printers and other electronic devices.
• An internet is two or more networks that can communicate with each
other (composed of hundreds of thousands of interconnected
networks).
• It is the largest network in the world that connects hundreds of
• Thousands of individual networks all over the world.
• Private individuals as well as various organizations such as
government agencies, schools, research facilities, corporations, and
libraries in more than 100 countries use the Internet.
History of Internet
Early Networking
⚫ Advanced Research Projects Agency
⚫ Created ARPAnet

⚫ Used packet switching to rout data

⚫ TCP/IP

⚫ Protocols to ensure Internet reliability and identification

USES OF THE INTERNET
⚫ Send e-mail messages.
⚫ Send (upload) or receive (download) files between computers.
⚫ Participate in groups, such as mailing lists and
discussion newsgroups.
⚫ Surfing the web.
INTERNET TODAY:
 COMMUNICATION, ENTITY & PROTOCOL

• Communication in computer networks- is a critical process

that allows computers to exchange data and information. This
exchange happens over a shared medium, either wired or
wireless.
• Entity- is anything capable of sending or receiving information.
• Protocol-is a set of rules that govern data communication.
⚫ Syntax-refers to the structure or format of the data, meaning the
order in which they are presented.
⚫ Semantics-refers to the meaning of each section of bits.
⚫ Timing-refers to two characteristics (when data should be sent
and how fast it can be sent)
 STANDARDS ORGANIZATIONS
⚫ ISO (The International Standard Organization)

• Created in 1947
• Voluntary organization.
• Is an organization dedicated to worldwide agreement on
international standards in a variety of fields (scientific,
technological, economic activity).
• ITU-T(International Telecommunications Union - Telecommunications

Standards Sector)

• Is an international standards organization related to the United Nations

• That develops standards for telecommunications.

• Two popular standards developed by ITU-T are the V series (data

transmission over phone lines) and the X series (transmission
over public digital networks)
⚫ ANSI (American National Standard Institute)
Is a nonprofit organization.
⚫ IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers)
Is the largest national professional group involved in developing
standards for computing, communication, electrical engineering,
and electronics)
⚫ EIA (Electronic Industries Association)
Is an association of electronics manufactures in the United
States.
 INTRODUCTION TO
• WWW”, "Web" orWWW
"W3"
• The World Wide Web is a way of exchanging information between
computers on the internet.
• It is the network of pages of images, texts and sounds on the
Internet which can be viewed using browser software .
• It is a way of accessing the information over the medium of the
internet.
• The World Wide Web, or Web, consists of a
worldwide collection of electronic documents (Web pages).
• A web site is a collection of related web pages and associated items.
• Simple and easy to use.
• A w eb server is a computer that delivers requested web pages to
your computer
• 1989 – 1990 Tim Berners Lee invents the World Wide Web (www)
• The World Wide Web allows computer users to locate and view
multimedia-based documents (i.e., documents with text, graphics,
animations, audios or videos) on almost any subject.
 Hypertext & Hypermedia

⚫ Hypertext - Text which contains links to other texts.

⚫ Hypermedia - Term used for hypertext which is not constrained to
be text: it can include graphics, video and sound.
Web browser – It displays a web document and enables users to access
web documents.
Web Server – A program that waits patiently for the browser to
request a web page. The servers looks for the requested information,
retrieves it and send it to the browser or sends an error message if the
file is not found.
Uniform Resource Locator (URL) - These are the web addresses. The
resource locator is an addressing system .
⚫ Two basic steps required in making a web page.
⚫ Create an HTML File
⚫ Upload file to server

⚫ Web pages are generally sets of text files coded with special notation
called Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) that is interpreted by a
web browser program reading the file.
 Internet & WWW

• The internet came first.

• Internet and WWW are two different concepts.
• Internet- It is a global computer network made up of thousand of
computers & computer network.
• WWW- It is a system that interlinked via Internet.
 Difference between Internet and WWW

1) Internet- is a global system of interconnected computer

network. This computers communicate with each other using a
common protocol (TCP/IP i.e. Transmission Control Protocol /
Internet protocol )
World Wide Web (WWW) : It is one of the services that run on
internet. WWW is a system of interlinked hypertext documents
accessed via Internet. Way of accessing the information .
2) The Internet and the Web are two separate but related things.

Internet– It is a massive network of networks. It

connects millions of computers together globally, forming a
network in which any computer can communicate with any other
computer as long as they are both connected to the Internet.

WWW- The World Wide Web, or simply Web, is a way of

accessing information over the medium of the Internet. So the
Web is just a portion of the Internet.
Web Browsers Eg:
• Internet Explorer
• Firefox
• Opera
• Safari
• Google Chrome
• A home page is the first page that a web site displays.
• Web pages provide links to other related web pages.
• Downloading is the process of receiving information.

Search engine:
⚫ Finds information related to a specific topic

⚫ Classifies w eb pages in an organized set of categories-

Images, Videos, Audio, News, Maps, Blogs,
People or Businesses.
⚫ Web publishing - It is the development and maintenance
of Web pages
⚫ WWW is a way of exchanging information. WWW is
constructed using HTML. WWW is one of the services that run
on internet.
Identifiers and
Character
⚫ Set
Unifor Resour Identifi (URI) is
m ce er used to on
and UNICODE
uniquel identif resource
makes the
it possible to
y built y web pagess thatweb
can be read
and write in human languages.
Syntax
⚫ XML (Extensible Markup Language) helps
to define common syntax in semantic web.
Data
Interchange Descripti Framewo
⚫ Resource
(RDF) on
framework helps rk in
defining core representation of data for
web. RDF represents data about resource in
graph form.
Taxonomies
⚫ RDF Schema(RDFS) allows more
standardized description taxonomiesof
other ontological and
constructs.
Ontologies
⚫ Web Ontology Language (OWL) offers more
constructs over RDFS. It comes in following three
versions:
OWL Lite for taxonomies and simple
constraints. OWL DL for full description
logic support.
OWL for more syntactic freedom of RDF
Rules
⚫ RIF and SWRL offers rules beyond the
constructs that are
available from RDFs and OWL.
⚫ Simple Protocol and RDF Query Language
(SPARQL) is SQL like language used for
Proof
⚫ All semantic and rules that are executed
at layers below Proof and their result will
be used to prove deductions.
Cryptography
⚫ Cryptography means such as digital signature
for verification of the origin of sources is
used.
User Interface and Applications
⚫ On the top of layer User interface
and Applications layer is built for user
interaction.
FTP FTP (FILE TRANSFER
⚫ FTP stands for File transfer protocol.
PROTOCOL)
⚫ FTP is a standard internet protocol provided
by TCP/IP used for transmitting the files from
one host to another.
⚫ It is mainly used for transferring the web
page files from their creator to the computer
that acts as a server for other computers on
the internet.
⚫ It is also used for downloading the files to
computer from other servers.
Objectives of FTP
⚫ It provides the sharing of files.
⚫ It is used to encourage the use of remote
computers.
⚫ It transfers the data more reliably and
efficiently.
Why FTP?
• Transferring files from one system to another
is simple but sometimes it can cause
problems.
⚫ For example, two systems may have
different file conventions, different ways to
represent text and data, different directory
structures.
⚫ FTP protocol overcomes these
problems by establishing two connections
between hosts.
⚫ One connection is used for data transfer, and
another connection is used for the control
connection.
MECHANISM OF
FTP
⚫ The above figure shows the basic model of the
FTP.
⚫ The FTP client has three components:
the user interface, control process, and
data transfer process.
⚫ The server has two components:
the server control process and the server
data transfer process.
There are two types of connections in FTP:
Control Connection:
• It uses very simple rules for communication.
• Through this connection, we can
transfer a line of command or line
of response at a time.
• The control connection is made between
the control processes.
• It remains connected during the entire
interactive FTP session.
Data Connection:
• It uses very complex rules as data types may
vary.
• The data connection is made between
data transfer processes.
• It opens when a command comes for
transferring the files and closes when the file
is transferred.
 FTP
CLIENTS
⚫ FTP client is a program that implements a file
transfer protocol which allows you to
transfer files between two hosts on the
internet.
⚫ It allows a user to connect to a remote host and
upload or download the files.
⚫ It has a set of commands that we can use to
connect to a host, transfer the files between
you and your host and close the connection.
⚫ The FTP program is also available as a built-in
component in a Web browser.
⚫ This GUI based FTP client makes the file transfer
very easy and also does not require to remember
the FTP commands.
 ADVANTAGES
OF FTP
⚫ Speed: The FTP is one of the fastest way to
transfer the files from one computer to
another computer.
⚫ Efficient: It is more efficient as we do not
need to complete all the operations to get the
entire file.
⚫ Security: To access the FTP server, we need
to login with the username and password.
⚫ Back & forth movement: FTP allows us to
transfer the files back and forth. Suppose you
are a manager of the company, you send
some information to all the employees, and
 DISADVANTAGES
⚫ The standard OFindustry
requirement of the FTP is that
all the FTP transmissions should be encrypted.
However, not all the FTP providers are equal and
not all the providers offer encryption. So, we will
have to look out for the FTP providers that
provides encryption.
⚫ FTP serves two operations, i.e., to send and receive
large files on a network. However, the size limit of
the file is 2GB that can be sent. It also doesn't
allow you to run simultaneous transfers to multiple
receivers.
⚫ Passwords and file contents are sent in clear text
that allows unwanted eavesdropping. So, it is quite
possible that attackers can carry out the brute force
attack by trying to guess the FTP password.
⚫ It is not compatible with every system.
 HTTP(HYPERTEXT
⚫ It isTRANSFER PROTOCOL)
a protocol used to access the data on the World Wide Web
(www).
⚫ It can be used to transfer the data in the form of plain text,
hypertext, audio, video, and so on.
⚫ This protocol is known as HyperText Transfer Protocol
because of its efficiency that allows us to use in a hypertext
environment where there are rapid jumps from one document
to another document.
⚫ HTTP is similar to the FTP as it also transfers the files from
one host to another host. But, HTTP is simpler than FTP
as HTTP uses only one connection, i.e., no control
connection to transfer the files.
⚫ HTTP is used to carry the data in the form of MIME-like
format.
 FEATURES OF HTTP
⚫ Connectionless protocol: It is a connectionless
approach in which HTTP client i.e., a browser
initiates the HTTP request and after the
request is sent the client disconnects from
server and waits for the response.
⚫ Media Independent: It specifies that any type
of media content can be sent by HTTP as long as
both the server and the client can handle the data
content.
⚫ Stateless: It is a stateless protocol as both the
client and server know each other only during
the current request. Due to this nature, both the
client and server do not retain the information
BASIC ARCHITECTURE OF
HTTP
⚫ The diagram represents the basic
architecture of web application and depicts
where HTTP stands.
⚫ HTTP is request/response protocol which is
based on client/server based architecture. In
this protocol, web browser, search engines,
etc. behave as HTTP clients and the Web
server like Servlet behaves as a server
Client
⚫ The HTTP client sends a request to the server in
the form of a request method, URI, and protocol
version, followed by a MIME-like message
containing request modifiers, client
information, and possible body content over
a TCP/IP connection.
Server
⚫ The HTTP server responds with a status line,
including the message's protocol version and
a success or error code, followed by a
MIME-like message containing server
information, entity meta information, and
possible entity- body content.
 MESSAGES
⚫ HTTP messages are of two types: request
and response. Both the message types
follow the same message format.

⚫ Request Message: The request message is

sent by the client that consists of a request
line, headers, and sometimes a body.
⚫ Response Message: The response message
is sent by the server to the client that
consists of a status line, headers, and
sometimes a body.
 UNIFORM RESOURCE
⚫ A client that wants to access the document in
an LOCATOR
internet needs(URL)
an address and to facilitate
the access of documents, the HTTP uses the
concept of Uniform Resource Locator (URL).
⚫ The Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is a
standard way of specifying any kind of
information on the internet.
⚫ The URL defines four parts: method, host
computer, port, and path.
⚫ Method: The method is the protocol used to retrieve the document
from a server. For example, HTTP.
⚫ Host: The host is the computer where the information is stored, and
the computer is given an alias name. Web pages are mainly stored in
the computers and the computers are given an alias name that begins
with the characters "www". This field is not mandatory.
⚫ Port: The URL can also contain the port number of the server, but it's
an optional field. If the port number is included, then it must come
between the host and path and it should be separated from the host by
a colon.
⚫ Path: Path is the pathname of the file where the information is stored.
The path itself contain slashes that separate the directories from the
subdirectories and files.
 HTTP MESSAGE
⚫ HTTP Message is used to show how data is
exchanged between the client and the server.
⚫ An HTTP client is a program that
establishes a connection to a server to
send one or more HTTP request messages.
⚫ An HTTP server is a program that
accepts connections to serve HTTP requests
by sending an HTTP response messages.
Message Type
⚫ HTTP message consists of an initial request
line and an initial response line.
Format:
HTTP-message = Request | Response ; HTTP/1.1
messages
1)Initial Request Line
⚫ The initial line is different for the request and
for the response. A request-line consists of
three parts: a method name, requested
resource's local path, and the HTTP version
being used. All these parts are separated by
spaces.
Syntax:
⚫ GET /path/to/file/index.html HTTP/1.0
Here,
⚫ GET is the most common HTTP method.
⚫ The path shows the part of the URL after
the host name. It is also called a request
URI.
⚫ The version of HTTP always takes
the form “HTTP/x.x”, uppercase.
2) Initial Response Line
⚫ The initial Response line is also known as the
status line.
⚫ It also has three parts: the HTTP version, a
response status code that gives the result of the
request, and the English reason phrase
describing the status code.
Example:
HTTP/1.0 200 OK
or
HTTP/1.0 404 Not Found
Here,
⚫ The HTTP version of the response line and
request line are the same as "HTTP/x.x".
Message Headers
⚫ The Message header provides information about the request and
response. It also provides information about the object which is sent
in the message body. Message Headers are of four types:
General Header: It has general applicability for both request messages
and response messages.
Request Header: It has applicability only for the request messages.
Response Header: It has applicability only for the response messages.
Entity Header: It defines meta-information about the entity-body, and
about the resource identified by request.
⚫ All the above headers follow the same generic format. Each of the
header fields consists of a name followed by a colon and the field
values as follows:
message-header = field-name ":" [ field-value ]
Message Body
⚫ The message body of an HTTP message is used to
carry the entire body associated with the request
and response. The message-body differs from
the entire-body only when a transfer-coding
has been applied, as indicated by the
Transfer-Encoding header field.
Syntax
message-body = entity-body
| <entity-body encoded as per Transfer-
Encoding>
⚫ Transfer-Encoding MUST be used to indicate any
transfer- codings which is applied by an
application to ensure safe and proper transfer of
the message. Transfer-Encoding is a property of
Message Length
⚫ The transfer-length of a message is the
length of the message-body, and it appears
in the message.
⚫ In a message, when a message body is
allowed, and Content-Length is given, its
field value MUST exactly match the number
of OCTETs in the message-body. When an
invalid length is received and detected, the
HTTP/1.1 user agents MUST notify the user.
General Header Fields
⚫ Some header fields have the applicability for
both the request and response messages.
These header fields apply only when the
message is transmitted.
Syntax
general-header = Cache-Control
 HTTP REQUEST
⚫ HTTP Requests are messages which are sent by the
client or user
to initiate an action on the server.
⚫ The first line of the message includes the request
message from the client to the server, the method
which is applied to the resource, identifier of the
resource,
Reque and the protocol version.
= Request-Line
Syntax
st *(( general-
header
| request-
header
| entity-header )
[ message-
CRLF)
body ] CRLF
Request Line
⚫ The Request-Line starts with a method token, which is
followed by the Request-URI, the protocol version, and
ending with CRLF. Using the SP characters, the elements are
separated.
Syntax Request-Line = Method SP Request-URI SP HTTP-
Version CRLF
1) Method
The method token is used to indicate the method
which was performed on the resource identified by the
Request-URI. The method is case sensitive.
Syntax
Method = "OPTIONS"
| "GET"
| "HEAD"
| "POST"
| "PUT"
| "DELETE"
| "TRACE"
| "CONNECT"
| extension-method
extension-method =
token
⚫ A resource is allowed a list of methods and that methods can be
specified in an Allow header field.
⚫ The response's return code always notifies the client whether a
method is currently allowed on a resource.
⚫Since the set of allowed methods can be changed
dynamically. Method and Description:
i) GET
This method retrieves information from the given server
using a given URI. GET request can retrieve the data. It cannot
apply other effects on the data.
ii) HEAD
The HEAD method is the same as the GET method. It is used
to transfer the status line and header section only.
iii) POST
The POST request sends the data to the server. For example,
file upload, customer information, etc. using the HTML forms.
iv)PUT
The PUT method is used to replace current
all the
representations of the target resource with the uploaded content.
v) DELETE current
The DELETE method is used to
remove all the representations of the target
resource, which is given by URI.
vi) CONNECT
The CONNECT method is used to
establish a tunnel to the server, which is
identified by a given URI.
2) Request-URI
The Request-URI is a Uniform
Resource Identifier.
It is used to identify the resource upon
which to apply the request.
Syntax
Request-URI = "*" | absoluteURI |
⚫ On the nature of the request, these four
options for Request-URI depend.
a)The asterisk "*" is used to show that the
request does not apply to a particular
resource, but it will apply to the server itself.
It is allowed only when the method used does
not necessarily apply to a resource.
Example
OPTIONS * HTTP/1.1
b)The absoluteURI form is used only when
the request is being made to a proxy. The
requested proxy is used to forward the request
and return the response.
Example
GET
http://www.javatpoint.com/WWW/TheProj
ect.html HTTP/1.1
c)The absolute path can't be empty. If in
the original URI, none is present, it must be
given as "/".
d)The authority form is only
used by the CONNECT method.
The Resource Identified by a Request
⚫ Using the examination of Request-URI and the
Host header field, we can determine the exact
resource identified by the Internet request.
⚫ An origin server must use the following rules for
determining the requested resource on an HTTP/1.1
request if the origin server does differentiate based
on the host requested.
⚫ The host will be part of the Request-URI if Request-
URI is an
absoluteURI.
⚫ The host will be determined by the Host header field
value if the Request-URI is not an absoluteURI, and
the request includes a header field of the host.
⚫ The response MUST be a 400 (Bad Request) error
message if the
Request Header Fields
⚫ The request-header fields are used to allow the client to
pass additional information to the server like the request
and the client itself.
⚫ The request header fields act as request modifiers, with
semantics equivalent to the parameters on a programming
language method invocation.
Syntax
request-header = Accept
| Accept-
Charset
| Accept-
Encoding
| Accept-
Language
| Authorization
| Expect
| From
 | If-Match
| If-Modified-Since
| If-None-Match
| If-Range
| If-Unmodified-Since
| Max-Forwards
| Proxy-Authorization
| Range
| Referer
| TE
| User-Agent
The name of the request-header field can be extended reliably
only in combination with a change in the version of the protocol.
 HTTP RESPONSE
⚫ HTTP Response sent by a server to the
client.
⚫ The response is used to provide the client
with the resource it requested.
⚫ It is also used to inform the client that
the action requested has been carried
out.
⚫ It can also inform the client that an error
occurred in processing its request.
⚫ An HTTP response contains the following
things:
⚫ Status Line
⚫ Inthe request message, each HTTP header is followed
by a
carriage returns line feed (CRLF).
⚫ After the last of the HTTP headers, an additional CRLF is
used and then begins the message body.
Status Line
⚫ Inthe response message, the status line is the first line.
The status line contains three items:
a) HTTP Version Number
⚫ It is used to show the HTTP specification to which the server
has tried to make the message comply.
Example
b)Status Code
⚫ It is a three-digit number that indicates the result
of the
request.
⚫ The first digit defines the class of the response.
⚫ The last two digits do not have any categorization
role. There are five values for the first digit,
which are as follows:
Code and Description
1xx: Information
It shows that the request was received and
continuing the process.
2xx: Success
It shows that the action was
received successfully, understood, and
accepted.
3xx: Redirection
It shows that further action must be taken to
complete the request.
4xx: Client Error
It shows that the request contains
incorrect syntax, or
it cannot be fulfilled.
5xx: Server Error
It shows that the server failed to fulfil a
c)Reason Phrase
It is also known as the status text. It is a
human- readable text that summarizes the
meaning of the status code.
An example of the response line
is as follows: HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Here,
⚫ HTTP/1.1 is the HTTP version.
⚫ 200 is the status code.
⚫ OK is the reason phrase.
Response Header Fields
⚫ The HTTP Headers for the response of the server contain the
information that a client can use to find out more about
the response, and about the server that sent it.
⚫ This information is used to assist the client with displaying the
response to a user, with storing the response for the use of
future, and with making further requests to the server now or in
the future.
response-header = Accept-Ranges
| Age
| ETag
| Location
| Proxy-Authenticate
| Retry-After
| Server
| Vary
| WWW-Authenticate
⚫ The name of the Response-header field
can be extended reliably only in combination
with a change in the version of the protocol.
Message Body
⚫ The response's message body may be
referred to for convenience as a response
body.
⚫ The body of the message is used for most
responses. The exceptions are where a
server is using certain status codes and
where the server is responding to a client
request, which asks for the headers but not
the response body.
⚫ For a response to a successful request, the body of the
message contains either some information about the status
of the action which is requested by the client or the
resource which is requested by the client.
⚫ For the response to an unsuccessful request, the body of
the message might provide further information about some
action the client needs to take to complete the request
successfully or about the reason for the error.
 GENERATION OF DYNAMIC
•Web Page
WEB PAGES
⚫ Web page is a document available on world wide web. Web Pages are
stored on web server and can be viewed using a web browser.
⚫ A web page can cotain huge information including text, graphics,
audio, video and hyper links. These hyper links are the link to other web
pages.
⚫ Collection of linked web pages on a web server is known as website.
There is unique Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is associated with each
web page
Static Web page
⚫ Static web pages are also known as flat or
stationary web page.
⚫ They are loaded on the client’s browser as
exactly they are stored on the web server.
Such web pages contain only static
information.
⚫ User can only read the information but
can’t do any modification or interact with
the information.
⚫ Static web pages are created using only
Dynamic Web page
⚫ Dynamic web page shows different information at
different point of time.
⚫ It is possible to change a portion of a web page without loading
the entire web page.
⚫ It has been made possible using Ajax technology.
1) Server-side dynamic web page
⚫ It is created by using server-side scripting.
⚫ There are server-side scripting parameters that determine how
to assemble a new web page which also include setting up of
more client-side processing.
2) Client-side dynamic web page
⚫ It is processed using client side
scripting such as JavaScript.
⚫ And then passed in to Document
Object Model (DOM).
SCHEMATIC VIEW OF A
DYNAMIC WEBPAGE
Scripting Languages
⚫ Scripting languages are like programming languages that allow
us to write programs in form of script.
⚫ These scripts are interpreted not compiled and executed
line by line.
⚫ Scripting language is used to create dynamic web pages.
1) Client-side Scripting
⚫ Client-side scripting refers to the programs that are executed on
client-side. Client-side scripts contains the instruction for the
browser to be executed in response to certain user’s action.
⚫ Client-side scripting programs can be embedded into HTML
files or also can be kept as separate files.
Client-Side scripting languages
JavaScript
It is a prototype based scripting language. It inherits its
naming conventions from java. All java script files are stored in
file having .js extension.
ActionScript
It is an object oriented programming language
development
used forofthewebsites and software targeting Adobe
player. flash
Dart
It is an open source web programming language
developed by Google. It relies on source-to-source compiler to
JavaScript.
VBScript
It is an open source web programming
language developed by Microsoft. It is
superset of JavaScript and adds optional
static typing class-based object oriented
programming.
2) Server-side Scripting
Sever-side scripting acts as an
interface for the client and also limit the user
access the resources on web server. It can also
collects the user’s characteristics in order to
customize response.
Server-Side scripting
languages ASP
Active Server Pages (ASP)is server-
side script engine to create dynamic web
pages. It
supports Component Object Model
(COM) which
enables ASP web sites to access
functionality of libraries such as DLL.
ActiveVFP
It is similar to PHP and also used for
creating dynamic web pages. It uses native
Visual
ASP.net
It is used to develop dynamic
websites, web applications, and web
services.

Java
Java Server Pages are used for creating
dynamic web applications. The Java code is
compiled into byte code and run by Java
Virtual Machine (JVM).
Python
It supports multiple programming
paradigms such as object-oriented, and
functional programming. It can also be used as
non-scripting language using third party tools
such as Py2exe or Pyinstaller.

WebDNA
It is also a server-side scripting
language with an embedded database system.
Sr. No. Key Static Web Page Dynamic Web Page

Definition Static web pages are generally simple On other hand Dynamic webpages are the
HTML written pages which serve as pages written in some more complex
response from browser to server in which language such as ASP.NET in which data
1 all the information and data is static in is rendered after some interpretation and
nature and it does not get changed until capacity to produce distinctive content for
someone changed it manually. different calls.
Complexity As mentioned in above point as data in Dynamic web pages on other hand does the
static web pages is static and do not require interpretation process which make data
2 any interpretation before rendering so static dynamic in nature and due to which
web pages are simple in complexity. dynamic web pages become complex in
complexity as compare to static web pages.
Language Static web pages are generally written On other Dynamic web pages are written
3 used in simpler languages such as HTML, in more complex languages such as CGI,
JavaScript, CSS, etc. AJAX, ASP, ASP.NET, etc.
Rendered For static web pages data do not On other hand for Dynamic web page data
Data changes until someone changes it is first interoperate at server side and due
4 manually and hence data is static in to which it does not remain same on every
nature. call and this makes data dynamic in
nature..
Time Static web pages due to static data take While Dynamic web pages due to
5 less time to get load. dynamic data take comparatively more
time as compare to static web pages.
Database In Static web pages generally no On other hand in case of Dynamic web page
6 involvement database is used for data redecoration.
of database for data redecoration.