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EASWARI ENGINEERING COLLEGE
[AUTONOMOUS]
191ROS401T-ELECTRICAL MACHINES AND POWER SYSTEMS
DEPARTMENT OF ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION
PRESENTED BY:
DINESH KUMAR S N (Reg. No. 310620125010)
|| YEAR RAE MAGESH KUMAR S (Reg. No. 310620125020)
BATCH – 10 RUTH SOUNDARYA K (Reg. No. 310620125030)
DATE: 07-04-2022 VISWESH GOWTHAM S (Reg. No. 310620125040)
NAGENDRA BABU S (Reg. No. 310620125306)
CONTENT
MAGNETIC LEVITATION
CONCEPT BEHIND MAGNETIC LEVITATION
ISSUES IN MAGNETIC LEVITATION
DISCOVERY OF MAGNETIC LEVITATION
HISTORY
In the early 1970s, Laithwaite discovered a new arrangement of magnets,
the magnetic river, that allowed a single linear motor to produce both lift
and forward thrust, allowing a maglev system to be built with a single set
of magnets.
Maglevs were conceptualized during the early 1900s by American

professor and inventor Robert Goddard and French-born American
engineer Emile Bachelet and have been in commercial use since 1984,
with several operating at present and extensive networks proposed for
the future.
MAGNETIC LEVITATION
★Magnetic levitation is a method where magnetic fields are used to
suspend an object.
★It is also know as magnetic suspension.
★Magnetic force is used to prevent the effects ofgravitational force or any
other accelerations.
★The suspension of an object above or below another object with
magnetic attraction or repletion is Magnetic levitation.
★It is also denoted as Maglev.
CONCEPT BEHIND MAGLEV
Levitation is accomplished by providing an upward

force that counteracts the pull of gravity (in relation
to gravity on earth), plus a smaller stabilizing force
that pushes the object toward a home position
whenever it is a small distance away from that home
position.
Like poles repel while unlike poles attract each other.
One arrangement is shown here where the bar magnet is made to levitate.
HYPERLOOP
Hyperloop whisks passengers in capsules through
low-pressure tubes.
The key principles of a reduced air pressure tube

allowing a levitating pod to travel through it at high
speeds.
In order to achieve levitation, one of the concepts being considered is the use of
Halbach arrays (an array of permanent magnets) which produce magnetic fields strong
enough to levitate the pod.
Hyperloop One is also using a passive magnetic levitation system where pod-side
permanent magnets repel a passive track, with the only input energy coming from
the speed of the pod.
COMPARISON- HYPERLOOP & MEGLEV
Maglev technology uses magnets to elevate trains and propel them forward at a high
speed, while hyperloop whisks passengers in capsules through low-pressure tubes.
The main difference between Hyperloop and Maglev is that the hyperloop is 2-3 times
faster compared to bullet trains, which is the most significant difference between them.
It'd also be less expensive. The track continually generates electricity to drive the
locomotive forward towards Maglev high-speed trains
Maglev APPLICATIONS
Maglev Trains
Wind Turbines
Maglev Bearing
Maglev Space Propulsion

USES OF MAGLEV
• The well known use of magnetic levitation is high speed trains.
• It is also used in magnetic bearing and contact less melting.
However it is also used for other purposes but these are the well
known uses.
• Mining industry also uses maglev.
• recently it is also used in microbotics.
• Magnets don't need gravity or air. Instead, their power comes
from the electromagnetic field they generate all by themselves.
• NASA plans to use magnetic levitation in launching space vehicles.
MAGLEV TRAINS
• Uses magnets to reach a really high velocity. Floats about 1-10cm above the
Guide way on a magnetic field.
• The Electro-magnets run the entire length of the Guide way which propel the
train in the forward direction.
• Once the train is pulled into the next section, the magnetism switches so that
the train is pulled on again.
• Maglev trains have to perform the following functions to operate in high speeds:
LEVITATION
PROPULSION
LATERAL GUIDANCE
MAGLEV TRAINS CONTINUED
Types of Maglev Technology There are mainly two types of Maglev
technologies used for the levitation purpose:
Electromagnetic Suspension (EMS)
Electrodynamic Suspension (EDS)
Electromagnetic Suspension
• Electromagnets are attached to the train.
• Has ferromagnetic stators on the track to levitate the train.
•Has guidance magnets on the sides.
• A computer changes the amount of current to keep the
train 1 cm from the track.
• Has on-board battery power supply.
TRAIN USES ELECTROMAGNETIC SUSPENSION – GERMANY’S TRANSRAPID
On 22 September 2006, a Transrapid train collided
with a maintenance vehicle at 170 km/h (106 mph)
on the test track in Lathen, Germany. The
maintenance vehicle destroyed the first section of
the train, then lifted off the track before landing in a
pile of pre-exploded debris.
ELECTRODYNAMIC SUSPENSION
Super cooled superconductors under the train. Levitate about 10 cm.
The force in the track is created by induced magnetic field in wires
or conducting strips in the track.
Naturally stable. Requires no feedback.
Requires retractable wheels at low speed.
JAPAN’S MLX01 Maglev
BREAKING
Braking is accomplished by sending an alternating current in the reverse direction
so that it is slowed by attractive and repulsive forces.
The Superconducting Maglev is equipped with a braking system capable of safely

stopping a train traveling at 311mph. Regenerative braking is normally used for
deceleration, but if it becomes unavailable, the Superconducting maglev also has
wheel disc brakes and aerodynamic brakes
Maglev Wind Turbines
Operate on the repulsion characteristics of permanent magnets.
The vertical axis wind turbine platform floats on a magnetic
cushion with the aid of a permanent magnet suspension.
This technology eliminates nearly all friction and delivers maximum
wind energy to the downstream linear generator.
Key Aspects:
The efficiency of turbine is increased by replacing the bearings by magnets as the

magnetic levitation helps the turbine to spin at a much faster rate.
This technology has the capacity to completely displace current technology in the use for
wind farm.
MAGLEV SPACE PROPULSION
A Maglev launch system would use magnetic

fields to levitate and accelerate a vehicle along
a track at speeds up to 600 mph.
The vehicle would shift to rocket engines for

Launching into orbit . Maglev systems could
dramatically reduce the cost of getting into
space because they are powered by electricity, an inexpensive energy source that
stays on the ground- unlike rocket fuel that adds weight and cost to a launch vehicle.
MAGLEV BEARING
A magnetic bearing is a bearing which
supports a load using magnetic
levitation.
Magnetic bearings support moving

machinery without physical contact, for
example, they can levitate a rotating
shaft and permit relative motion with
very low friction and no mechanical
wear.
X-FLOAT LEVITATING SHOE DISPLAY
The X-Float levitating shoe display uses

the power of electromagnetic currents
to suspend your sneaker in mid air. The
display utilizes a strong magnet that you
can easily insert into the heel of any
shoe to make it float.

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EASWARI ENGINEERING COLLEGE

191ROS401T-ELECTRICAL MACHINES AND POWER SYSTEMS

DEPARTMENT OF ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION

Maglevs were conceptualized during the early 1900s by American

Levitation is accomplished by providing an upward

Like poles repel while unlike poles attract each other.

The key principles of a reduced air pressure tube

Maglev Space Propulsion

The Superconducting Maglev is equipped with a braking system capable of safely

The efficiency of turbine is increased by replacing the bearings by magnets as the

A Maglev launch system would use magnetic

The vehicle would shift to rocket engines for

Magnetic bearings support moving

The X-Float levitating shoe display uses

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