Basics of SAP and ABAP
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Introduction to ERP
▪ E - Enterprise R - Resource P - Planning.
▪ It's purpose is to manage any organization/company functions.
▪ It is a way to integrate the data and processes of an organization into one single system.
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Introduction to SAP
▪ S - Systems A - Applications P - Products in Data Processing.
▪ SAP is an ERP product.
▪ SAP introduced by SAP AG in 1972 at Walldorf(Germany).
▪ It is a German based product.
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Features of SAP
▪ Integration of all functions
▪ Multi-lingual software
▪ Support multiple currencies
▪ User-based license agreement
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Modules of SAP
▪ SAP divided the modules broadly in to 2 categories.
1. Functional modules
2. Technical modules
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Functional Modules of SAP
▪ SD - Sales & Distribution
▪ MM - Material Management
▪ HR/HCM - Human Resources/Human Capital Management
▪ PP - Production Planning
▪ FICO - Finance & Controlling
▪ WM - Warehouse Management
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Technical Modules of SAP
▪ ABAP - Advanced Business Application Programming. It is a programming language for
SAP.
▪ BASIS - Business Application Software Integrated Solution. It is for monitoring and
administration of SAP systems.
▪ BI - Business Intelligence. It is used to analyze and presents the data in the form of
reports, dashboards etc.
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Technical Modules of SAP(Contd.)
▪ CRM - Customer Relationship Management
▪ PI - Process Integration
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SAP Netweaver
▪ SAP NetWeaver(NW) is an integrated technology platform which can support various
SAP applications.
▪ Examples - SAP ERP(Enterprise Resource Planning) , SAP CRM(Customer Relationship
Management) , SAP SRM(Supply Relationship Management) , SAP PI(Process
Integration) etc.
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SAP R/3 Architecture
▪ In SAP R/3 architecture - R stands for Real, 3 stands for 3 layers.
▪ The 3 layers in the architecture are as follows:
1. Presentation layer
2. Application layer
3. Database layer
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Presentation Layer
▪ Presentation layer is also called as user interaction layer.
▪ It acts as an interface between end user and SAP system.
▪ It collects user input and creates process request.
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Application Layer
▪ It acts as an interface between presentation layer and database layer.
▪ Application layer is responsible for writing the programs and applications.
▪ It uses the application logic of program to collect and process request.
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Database Layer
▪ Databases(Oracle, DB2 etc.) reside on the database Layer.
▪ It stores and retrieves the data.
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Introduction to ABAP/4
▪ A - Advanced B - Business A - Application P - Programming.
▪ ABAP is a programming language for SAP.
▪ It is a 4th generation Language.
▪ ABAP lies on application layer of SAP.
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Application Server Architecture
▪ Dispatcher
▪ Work Process
▪ User Context
▪ Roll Area
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Dispatcher
▪ All requests that come in from presentation servers are directed first to dispatcher.
▪ The dispatcher writes them first to the dispatcher queue.
▪ The dispatcher pulls the requests from the queue on a first-in, first-out basis.
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Work Process
▪ Each request from the dispatcher is then allocated to the first available work process.
▪ A work process handles one request at a time.
▪ A work process needs to address two special memory areas - the user context and the
program roll area.
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User Context
▪ The user context is a memory area that contains information about the user.
▪ When a user logs on, a user context is allocated for that logon.
▪ When a user log off, it is freed.
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Roll Area
▪ Roll area is a memory area that contains information about the programs execution .
▪ When a program runs, a roll area is allocated for that program.
▪ The roll area is freed when the program ends.
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SAP System Landscape
▪ SAP system landscape consists of 3 systems.
1. Development
2. Quality
3. Production
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Development
▪ It is used for all developments and configurations.
▪ The developments and configurations move from development system to quality system
through a mechanism called as transport request.
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Quality
▪ The testing of all the developments and customizations needs be done in the quality
system.
▪ The developments and configurations move from quality system to production system
through transport request.
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Production
▪ It is also called as live system or customer based system.
▪ Customer runs his business through production system.
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SAP GUI
▪ G - Graphical U - User I - Interface
▪ It allows end users to use various SAP applications by providing easy to use graphical
interface.
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Types of SAP GUI
▪ SAP GUI for Windows - SAP GUI for windows is a windows operating system that offers a
windows like user experience.
▪ SAP GUI for JAVA - SAP GUI for JAVA environment is written in JAVA and is the platform-
independent implementation of SAP GUI.
▪ SAP GUI for HTML - Consist of Internet Transaction Server (ITS) on the server side and a
web browser on the client side.
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SAP Logon Configuration
▪ Description
▪ Application Server
▪ Instance Number
▪ System ID
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Description
▪ Meaningful description of the SAP system.
▪ In case description is not provided, it is a combination of system id and application
server.
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Application Server
▪ It is the host name or IP address of the server.
▪ Example : Hostname of the server is SAPServer or IP address of the server is
XXX.XXX.XX.XX , where X is any number.
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Instance Number
▪ It is the instance number of SAP system which is defined during SAP installation.
▪ It is of 2 characters long.
▪ It varies from 00 to 99.
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System ID
▪ System ID is a unique identification code for every SAP system which is defined during
SAP Installation.
▪ It is of 3 characters long.
▪ Examples - A4H, S4H etc.
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Logging on to SAP
▪ Client
▪ User
▪ Password
▪ Logon Language
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Client
▪ This is the client number of SAP system which appears in the client field on the logon
screen.
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User
▪ As SAP is a user-based license agreement, valid credentials are required to logging on to
SAP.
▪ Enter the user id provided by the administrator.
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Password
▪ Enter the default password provided by the administrator for the first time login.
▪ After entering the default password, system prompts for the new password and confirm
password
▪ Next time, login with the new password.
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Language
▪ As SAP is multi-lingual software, one needs to provide the logon language.
▪ By default, one language appears, one can change the logon language depends upon
the requirement.
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Features of SAP GUI
▪ A single face GUI for accessing all SAP applications such as ERP(Enterprise resource
planning), CRM(Customer Relationship Management), SAP SRM(Supply Relationship
Management), PI(Process Integration) etc.
▪ Users are allowed to login with their preferred language, as the same GUI can be used in
different languages.
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Features of SAP GUI(Contd.)
▪ It contains user parameters that are defined for more frequently keyed inputs. This
enables the automatic population of text , based on specific user logins. This in result,
reduces the percentage of user inputs in real time.
▪ SAP GUI allows to configure GUI font size, colors, logos, custom layouts etc.
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Elements of SAP GUI(Parts of SAP GUI)
▪ Menu Bar
▪ Standard Toolbar(Function Keys)
▪ Command Bar
▪ Title Bar
▪ Application Toolbar
▪ Screen Area
▪ Status Bar
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Menu Bar
▪ The menu bar appears on the top of every SAP screen.
▪ The menu bar changes from screen to screen.
▪ System and help menus are always available on every screen.
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Standard Toolbar
▪ The standard toolbar is located below the menu bar.
▪ The standard toolbar buttons are also called as function keys.
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Command Bar
▪ Command bar is used to enter the transaction codes.
▪ Command bar can be opened and closed by using the icon on the right of the command
bar.
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Title Bar
▪ In between the standard toolbar and the application toolbar lies the title bar.
▪ It is used to display the name of the screen or application you are accessing.
▪ Title bar is dynamic and changes from application to application.
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Application Toolbar
▪ The application toolbar is located directly below the title bar.
▪ It contains buttons that duplicate functions available from the menu bar, but provides
quicker access to some of the most commonly used functions for the current screen.
▪ The buttons available in the application toolbar changes from application to application
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Screen Area
▪ The screen area of SAP GUI is the area where the actual application is displayed.
▪ It consists of layout elements like - buttons, input fields, radio buttons, checkboxes etc.
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Status Bar
▪ The status bar is located at the bottom of the SAP screen.
▪ It displays important messages such as errors and completion of transactions.
▪ It also displays the session information also such as system, client, user, program,
transaction etc.
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SAP Easy Access
▪ After logging in to SAP system through GUI, the first screen that appears on system is
SAP Easy Access.
▪ It is a user specific point of entry.
▪ It is also called as SAP User Menu.
▪ The user menu contains only those items that are required to perform daily tasks such
as transactions, reports etc.
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SAP Easy Access - Adding Existing Item as Favorite
▪ Choose the existing item from the User Menu.
▪ Click on Favorites - Add
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SAP Easy Access - Adding New Item as Favorite
▪ Click on Favorites - Insert transaction
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ABAP Workbench
▪ ABAP workbench is a collection of ABAP tools.
▪ Examples : ABAP Dictionary , ABAP Editor , Function Builder , Class Builder etc.
▪ One can access the ABAP workbench tools through transaction code.
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Transaction Code
▪ Transaction Code is a shortcut to access the ABAP workbench tools(different
applications) in SAP.
▪ Examples : SE11 - ABAP Dictionary , SE38 - ABAP Editor , SE37 - Function Builder , SE24 -
Class Builder etc.
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Transaction Code(Contd.)
▪ /nxxxx - To call transaction xxxx( override the existing session)
▪ /oxxxx - To call transaction xxxx in a new session
▪ /n - To cancel a session
▪ /o - Display on overview of sessions
Imp point : A user can open a maximum of 6 sessions.
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Log Off From SAP System
▪ System - Logoff
▪ Transaction Code - /nend
▪ Transaction Code - /nex
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Difference Between /nend & /nex
▪ /nend - Before log off , one confirmation pop-up appears.
▪ /nex - Log off from SAP without confirmation pop-up.
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F1 Help in SAP
▪ F1 help is also called as technical information
help.
▪ It provides the technical Information of any
field/column.
▪ To get the technical help of any field, press F1
on that particular field.
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F4 Help in SAP
▪ F4 help is also called as value help.
▪ It provides the various possible values
any field/column.
▪ To get the possible inputs for any field,
press F4 on that particular field.
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Identifying SAP Objects
▪ SAP Specific objects name starts with
other than Z or Y.
▪ In the example shown - the table
name is VBAK , which is not starting
with Z or Y.
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Identifying Customizing Objects
▪ Customizing objects name start with
Z or Y.
▪ In the example shown - the table name
is ZEMPLOYEES , which is starting
with Z.
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Concept of Header and Item Information in SAP
▪ In every business process, header and item information plays an important role.
▪ Header information is the information applicable to whole document.
▪ Item information is applicable to specific line of a document.
▪ Header information stores in to header tables.
▪ Item information stores in to item tables.
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Concept of Header and Item Information in SAP
▪ In the example - header information is
customer name, time, date, mode of
payment, bill number.
▪ The item information is item number,
description and amount.
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SAP Standard Tables and Transaction Codes
▪ SAP provided the standard transaction codes to perform the various business process.
▪ The data for that particular business process is getting stored in to SAP standard tables.
▪ Example - To create a sales order, the standard transaction code is VA01 and the data
stores in to VBAK(Sales document header) & VBAP(Sales document item) tables.
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SAP Standard Tables and Transaction Codes - MM Module
▪ Transaction code to create material - MM01
▪ Transaction code to change material - MM02
▪ Transaction code to display material - MM03
▪ Tables - MARA(Material data), MAKT(Material description), MARC(Plant data for
material).
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SAP Standard Tables and Transaction Codes - SD Module
▪ Transaction code to create sales order - VA01
▪ Transaction code to change sales order - VA02
▪ Transaction code to display sales order - VA03
▪ Tables - VBAK(Sales document header), VBAP(Sales document item)
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SAP Standard Tables and Transaction Codes - SD Module
▪ Transaction code for billing document creation - VF01
▪ Transaction code for billing document change - VF02
▪ Transaction code for billing document display - VF03
▪ Tables - VBRK(Billing document header), VBRP(Billing document item)
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SAP Standard Tables and Transaction Codes - FICO Module
▪ Transaction code to create accounting document - FB01
▪ Transaction code to change accounting document - FB02
▪ Transaction code to display accounting document - FB03
▪ Tables - BKPF(Accounting document header), BSEG(Accounting document item)
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Concept of Object Navigator
▪ The object navigator is a central point of
entry to the ABAP workbench.
▪ One can navigate to any workbench
object through object navigator.
▪ The transaction code for object navigator
is SE80.
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Concept of Package
▪ In SAP, every object stored in to a
package.
▪ A package is a container for the objects
like tables, structures, programs etc.
▪ The package for local objects is $TMP.
▪ The transaction code to create a package
is SE21.
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Concept of Transport Request
▪ Transport request is a mechanism to
transport the objects from one system to
another system.
▪ Local objects can never be transported.
▪ To transport the workbench objects,
one needs to create a workbench request.
▪ The transaction code to create a transport request is SE09.
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Types of Projects in SAP
▪ There are 4 types of projects in SAP.
1. Implementation
2. Support
3. Upgrade
4. Roll out
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Types of Projects in SAP
1. Implementation - In these types of projects, Customer is implementing SAP for the first
time. All Legacy system data needs to be migrated to the SAP system.
2. Support - It is also called as Maintenance project. Customer is running his business
through SAP. Customer requires support for the daily issues, tickets, and new change
requests (CR).
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Types of Projects in SAP(Contd.)
3. Upgrade: In this type of project, customer is moving from older version of SAP to higher
version of SAP.
4. Roll out: In this type of project, the existing SAP system is going to implement for
different countries/region.
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RICEFW
▪ The another name for RICEFW is WRICEF.
▪ SAP technical objects are divided in to 6 different categories.
▪ R - Reports , I - Interfaces , C - Conversion , E - Enhancements , F - Forms , W - Workflow
▪ When the business requirement cannot be fulfilled by standard SAP functionalities, then
we require a RICEFW.
▪ The requirements which cannot be satisfied by standard SAP application are called gaps.
▪ Based on the category of the gap, objects are created in the form of a RICEFW item.
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R - Reports
▪ Reports are used to display of information in the required format.
▪ If the business requirement cannot be fulfilled by standard SAP reports, then we
develop custom reports based upon the customer requirement.
▪ The various report formats are classical reports, ALV reports etc.
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I - Interfaces
▪ Interfaces are used to transfer the data from Non-SAP to SAP , SAP to Non-SAP, SAP to
SAP.
▪ The various cross applications like BAPI, RFC, IDOC’s are the example of interfaces.
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C - Conversion
▪ The process of converting data from one form to another is called as conversion.
▪ When the customer is implementing SAP for the first time, all Legacy system(Non-SAP)
system data needs to be migrated to the SAP system.
▪ To upload the data in the SAP system the data needs to be converted from one form to
another as per the system requirement.
▪ After conversion, the data is uploaded into the SAP system by making use of the various
data migration tools or techniques like BDC, LSMW, BAPI etc.
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E - Enhancements
▪ The process of adding our own functionality to SAP standard functionality is called as
enhancements.
▪ If the business requirement cannot be satisfied by standard SAP functionality, then we
add our own functionality to the SAP standard functionality.
▪ The various enhancements techniques are - Implicit and explicit enhancements,
customer exit, BADI etc.
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F - Forms
▪ Forms are layouts in SAP.
▪ If the business requirement cannot be satisfied by standard layouts, then we create our
own custom layouts.
▪ We design layouts in SAP by using the various tools like smartforms, adobe forms(PDF
forms), SAP Scripts.
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W - Workflow
▪ Workflow is the flowing of data from one level to another level.
▪ At every level, one or more actions are required.
▪ Example - When we apply leave in the system, it goes in to workflow of our supervisor
to approve or reject that leave.
▪ If the business requirement cannot be satisfied by SAP standard workflow, then it results
into creation of custom workflow.
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Thank You
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