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CHAPTER 3

IP ADRESSING AND
SUBNETTING

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IP
The term "IP address" refers to internet protocol address. An IP address is an
identifying number that is associated with a specific computer or computer network.
Addressing When connected to the internet, the IP address allows computers to

send and receive information.

Exaple:192.168.1.1

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Pv4 and ipv6

 A device uses the IP address to communicate with the other
devices present on the network. The two of the most
commonly used IP addresses are namely IPv4 (Internet
Protocol version 4) and IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6).

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IPv4 and ipv6

IPv4 consists of 32 bits, and it is denoted in a sequence of four numbers separated by ".
"(dot/period). The period divides the IPv4 address into four octets (an octet is of 8 bits, so 4
octets make up 32 bits). An octet's value ranges from 0 to 255.

Pv4 is divided into 5 classes, namely - class A, class B, class C, class D, and class E.
).

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IPv4 and ipv6

IPv6 ).operates with 128-bit addresses. Each address includes eight different groups of
strings, and every group has four characters (alphanumeric), divided by a colon. Thanks to
these characteristics, it is able to provide an incredible amount of unique IP addresses.

Example:
20001:ODC8:0001:0000:0000:0000:F00A

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Private IP Address and Public IP Address

 Private IP Address of a system is the IP address that is used to communicate within the
same network. Using private IP data or information can be sent or received within the
same network. The router basically assigns these types of addresses to the device.
).

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Public and private ip address

 Public IP Address is basically of two type:

 Dynamic IP Address
 Static IP Adress
).
 Dynamic
Dynamic IP Addresses are addresses that change over time.
 Static
Static Addresses are those addresses that do not change with time.

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Public and private ip address

 Private IP Address

).

 To Public IP Address

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SUBNET

• A subnetwork, or subnet, is a logical subdivision of an IP network. The practice of

dividing a network into two or more networks is called subnetting

• A subnet mask is a 32-bit number created by setting host bits to all 0s and setting
network bits to all 1s. In this way, the subnet mask separates the IP address into the
network and host addresses

• The “255” address is always assigned to a broadcast address, and the “0” address is
always assigned to a network address

).

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FORMAT OF IPv4 and ipv6

IPv4 Format

).

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FORMAT OF IPv4 and ipv6

IPv6 Format

).

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Public vs. Private IP address

 A public IP address is a public address assigned to your network by your
internet service provider (ISP) and used to provide access on internet. A
private IP, address, on the hand, is one that is assigned to your device
directly by your network router.

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Public vs. Private IP address

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SUBNET

 SAMPLE
Compute Subnet Address
Given;
IP Address(Decimal) = 192.168.10.44
Subnet Mask(Binary) = 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111000
Subnet Address=?

).

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SUBNET

 COMPUTATION

).

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SUBNET

 BINARY

Sample:

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 = 255

192. (Decimal) 128 + 64 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 = 192

Binary 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

168. (Decimal) 128 + 0 + 32 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 =168

Binary 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

10. (Decimal) 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 1 + 0 + 1+ 0 = 10
).
Binary 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0

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Thank
You
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MR. RAYMOND A. DEVERA MS. JEVEL A. DIAZ

• A 4th year BSIT student at Isabela State • A 4th year BSIT student at Isabela State
University Cauayan Campus University Cauayan Campus
• Certificate of Gamifield Intelligent Cyber • Certificate of Participants in iDeaTech
Aptittude and Skills Training (GICAST) Challenge Certificate of Gamifield Intelligent
• A resident of Minante 2, Cauayan City, Cyber Aptittude and Skills Training (GICAST)
Isabela, Philippines • A resident of San fermin, Cauayan City,
Isabela, Philippines

MR. ARGIE A. CASTILLO MS. ELIZA D. CUPIATONG

). • A 4th year BSIT student at Isabela
• A 4th year BSIT student at Isabela State University Cauayan Campus
State University Cauayan Campus • Certificate of Participants in iDeaTech
• Certificate of Gamifield Intelligent Challenge Certificate of Gamifield
Cyber Aptittude and Skills Training Intelligent Cyber Aptittude and Skills
(GICAST) Training (GICAST)
• A resident of Cabaruan, Naguilian, • A resident of Lepanto, Quezon,
Isabela, Philippines Isabela, Philippines

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