LP 4 Gmo
LP 4 Gmo
LP 4 Gmo
RESTRICTION ENZYMES
DNA LIGASE
DNA Recombinant Technology
The human insulin gene
cloned and transferred
to bacteria.
GAATTC
Restriction enzymes
are enzymes that cut
double stranded DNA
into fragments at very specific
locations.
Molecular
Glue Ligases are enzymes that join
together “cut” strands of
double stranded DNA
Gel Electrophoresis -
separates DNA
fragments by size. It
is used to study DNA
fragments of various
sizes.
DNA Sequencing is used to identify the DNA
sequence of cloned recombinant DNA
molecule to further study. It is used to
identify errors in the DNA sequences to
predict the function of a particular gene
Gene Cloning
Gene
Agrobacterium
Vector
Gene shooting
construct
Gold bullets Particle
Cloning sites
bombardment
Marker
gene
Selection
Greenhouse Regeneration
selection/testing
Variety Field testing
5 Developmental Phases in
Transgenic Plant Technology
Gene Discovery
Laboratory
Transformation Plant Tissue
Culture
Commercialization
What is Possible with Crop
Biotechnology
Crops with high nutritional quality
• increased essential amino acids in corn,
legumes, tomato, pepper, and rice
• high provitamin A and iron in rice
• vitamin C-enriched vegetables
Vaccine and Medicine Production
• mass production of insulin, hepatitis B
vaccine
• edible vaccines against diarrhea and
hepatitis as in tomato, banana and potato
Crops for industry
• modified Arabidopsis thaliana and cotton
can now produce biodegradable plastic
precursor. Design from Prof. F.
Hidalgo
GAINS FROM GMOs
GM Corn:
phytoene synthase
(psy) from maize
phytoene
desaturase (crtl)
gene from a
common bacterium
Disease-
resistant,
insect-
resistant
and
drought-
tolerant
crops will
help us
feed the Papaya with ringspot disease Biotech
world! papaya
resistant to
ISSUES AND CONCERNS ON GMO
pH 4
SAFE
OTHER ISSUES ADDRESSED
Biosafety to environment
Possible effects on nontarget organisms and biodiversity
Possible crossing with relatives to produce weeds
Possible formation of resistant insect population
Possible persistence in the environment
Food safety to humans
Possible allergenicity and toxicity
The Philippines has a working biosafety
regulatory process in place for
market
Agronomic or
Concept/strategy;
horticultural Evaluation of
choice of gene(s);
traits food and feed
sources of gene(s);
evaluation; safety; safety
environmental or
genetic to environment
ecological
stability;
consideration of
impact on
gene or product
environment
Enabling laws
1990 National Committee on Biosafety
of the Philippines created by Executive
Order (EO) 430
2002 Administrative Order (AO) No. 8
Rules and Regulations for the
Importation and Release into the
Environment of Plants and Plant
Products Derived from the Use of
Modern Biotechnology
RA 3720 Food, Drug and Cosmetics Act
Summary of biosafety data for
commercial GM crops: