Certificate Course in

Business Analytics & Consulting

in association with PwC India
Course : Introduction to Data
Analysis
Edit Master text
Lecture On : Data Analysis in
styles
Excel

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 Session Agendas

In this session we will discuss some important operations in

Excel and practice data analysis with the help of a case study.

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 Basic operations
checklist 4

● Cell reference standards ● Replace Operation

● Records and headers ● Sorting and Filtering
● Changing width height of a row or column ● Formatting cells and
● Selecting cells Conditional Formatting
● Undo, Redo operations ● Printing and Page Layout
● Deleting/Hiding a row or a column ● Functions and Formulae
● Freezing Rows/Columns ● Creating charts
● Find Operation ● VLOOKUP
● Merge cells and wrap text ● Pivot Tables
● Formatting Borders ● Passwords
● Bucketing and Segmenting ● Reading delimited files
 Sort and Filter
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Sorting in excel is nothing but arranging data stored in excel according to your
requirement (Ascending order or Descending Order)

For Example : Sort age column in Descending order or sort the name column in
alphabetically ascending order

Filtering data in MS Excel refers to displaying only the rows that meet certain
conditions. (The other rows gets hidden)

For Example: Using the store data, if you are interested in seeing data where
Shoe Size is 36, then you can set filter to do this

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 Reporting Formatting : Data
Alignment
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Under “Home”section, alignment and indentation options are
generally used for data alignment.

Select the cell or range of cells that contains the data that you
want to reposition

On the home tab in the alignment group, do one or more of the

following -

1. To change vertical alignment – click Top/ Middle/ Bottom Align

2. To change horizontal alignment – click Align text centre/ left
or right
 Reporting Formatting : Data Rotation

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Select cell or range of cells that contains the data you want to
rotate
On the home tab, in the alignment group – to rotate the cell click
orientation and select the relevant rotation option
 Reporting Formatting : Text
Wrapping
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Text wrapping is the process of limiting the text content within the
cell.

Use the wrap text option under home section, to wrap the text as
per your need
 Report Formatting : Various other formatting
options
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Formatting changes how things LOOK, not how they WORK or

BEHAVE.

The objective is to make the spreadsheet visually

appealing. Basic formatting includes:

● Changing ● Numbers
size ● Currency
● Font value
● Fill colour ● Date
● Cell styles ● Text
● Borders
● Alignment
 Conditional
Formatting
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Conditional formatting is a highly effective way to highlight

important information and trends in the data. Using conditional
formatting, you can highlight cells in certain colours and shades
depending on the cell's value.

For Example: Coloured all the cells in Age column whose age
value is greater than 60
 Printing & Page
Layout
To access the print pane, select the File tab.
Backstage view will appear. 6

Then select Print. Print pane will appear.

 Printing & Page
Layout
To print a workbook, navigate to the print and select the desired
printer. Enter the number of copies you want to print and then finally 6

click on the “Print” icon

 Printing & Page Layout : Choosing a printing area
Decide exactly what information you want to print. If you have multiple
worksheets in your workbook, you can print the entire workbook or only active
worksheets or only a selection of content from your workbook. 6

To print active sheets :

Worksheets are considered active when selected. Select the worksheet you want
to print. To print multiple worksheets, click the first worksheet, hold the Ctrl key
on your keyboard, then click any other worksheets you want to select.

Navigate to the Print pane. Select Print Active Sheets from the Print Range
drop-down menu. Click the Print button.
 Printing & Page Layout : Choosing a printing
area
To print a selection :
Select the cells you want to print. 6

Navigate to the Print pane. Select Print Selection from the

Print Range drop-down menu.
 Printing & Page Layout : Adjusting Content
On occasion, you may need to make small adjustments from the Print pane to
fit your workbook content neatly onto a printed page. The Print pane includes
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several tools to help fit and scale your content, such as scaling and page
margins.

To change page orientation:

Excel offers two-page orientation options: landscape and portrait. Landscape
orients the page horizontally, while portrait orients the page vertically. Select
the desired orientation from the Page Orientation drop-down menu. In our
example, we'll select Landscape Orientation.
 Printing & Page Layout : Adjusting Content
To fit content before printing:

If some of your content is being cut off

by the printer, you can use scaling to fit
your workbook to the page
automatically. Select the desired option
from the Scaling drop-down menu. In
our example, we'll select Fit All Columns
on One Page.

Keep in mind that worksheets will

become more difficult to read as they
are scaled down, so you may not want
to use this option when printing a
worksheet with a lot of information. In
our example, we'll change the scaling
setting back to No Scaling.
 Excel Password Protection

To prevent others from accessing data in your Excel files, protect your
Excel file with a password. 7

● Select File > Info.

● Select the Protect Workbook box and choose Encrypt with
Password.
● Enter a password in the Password box, and then select OK.
● Confirm the password in the Re-enter Password box, and then
select OK.
 Reading data from csv files in Excel

To import a CSV file in Excel, perform the following steps.

Note that the menu names and operations may vary depending on which7
version of Excel you are using.

● Open a new Excel workbook.

● Click Data tab, then click Get Data.
● Click From File, then click From Text/CSV.
● On the "Import Data" screen, select the CSV file to import.
● On the preview screen, select the same delimiter as the one in your CSV file
for "Delimiter" and click Load.
 Excel Shortcuts
● Ctrl + N : Create a new workbook.
● Ctrl + O: Open an existing workbook. 7

● Ctrl + S: Save the active workbook.

● F12: Save the active workbook under a new name, displays the
Save as dialog box.
● Ctrl + W: Close the active workbook.
● Ctrl + C: Copy the contents of the selected cells to Clipboard.
● Ctrl + X: Cut the contents of the selected cells to Clipboard.
● Ctrl + V: Insert the contents of the Clipboard into the selected
cell(s).
● Ctrl + Z: Undo your last action. Panic button :)
● Ctrl + P: Open the "Print" dialog.
● Ctrl + F1: Show / hide the Excel Ribbon. Hide the ribbon to view
more than 4 rows of data.
● Ctrl + Tab: Switch to the next open Excel workbook.
● Ctrl + PgDown: Switch to the next worksheet. Press Ctrl + PgUp to
switch to the previous sheet.
● Ctrl + G: Open the "Go to" dialog. Pressing F5 displays the same
dialog.
● Ctrl + F: Display the "Find" dialog box.
 Excel Formulas - Relative and Absolute Cell
References 7

There are two types of cell references: relative and absolute. Relative and
absolute references behave differently when copied and filled to other cells.

Relative references change when a formula is copied to another cell. Absolute

references, on the other hand, remain constant no matter where they are
copied.

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 Excel Formulas - Relative and Absolute Cell
References
Relative references
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By default, all cell references are relative references. When copied across
multiple cells, they change based on the relative position of rows and
columns. For example, if you copy the formula =A1+B1 from row 1 to row 2,
the formula will become = A2+B2. Relative references are especially
convenient whenever you need to repeat the same calculation across multiple
rows or columns. Enter the formula to calculate the desired value. In our
example, we'll type =B2*C2.
 Excel Formulas - Relative and Absolute Cell
References
Press Enter on your keyboard. The formula will be calculated, and the result
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will be displayed in the cell.

Locate the fill handle in the lower-right corner of the desired cell. In our
example, we'll locate the fill handle for cell D2. Click, hold, and drag the fill
handle over the cells you wish to fill. In our example, we'll select cells D3:D12.
Release the mouse. The formula will be copied to the selected cells with
relative references and the values will be calculated in each cell.
 Excel Formulas - Relative and Absolute Cell
References
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Absolute references

An absolute reference is designated in a formula by the addition of a dollar

sign ($) before the column and row. If it precedes the column or row (but not
both), it's known as a mixed reference.
 Excel Formulas - Relative and Absolute Cell
References
In our example, we'll use the 7.5% sales tax rate in cell E1 to calculate the sales
tax for all items in column D. We'll need to use the absolute cell reference $E$1
in our formula. Because each formula is using the same tax rate, we want that
reference to remain constant when the formula is copied and filled to other cells
in column D.Select the cell that will contain the formula. In our example, we'll
select cell D3.
 Excel Formulas - Relative and Absolute Cell
References
Enter the formula to calculate the desired value. In our example, we'll type
=(B3*C3)*$E$1.
Press Enter on your keyboard. The formula will calculate, and the result
will display in the cell.Locate the fill handle in the lower-right corner of
the desired cell. In our example, we'll locate the fill handle for cell D3.

Click, hold, and drag the fill handle over the cells you wish to fill, cells
D4:D13 in our example.Release the mouse. The formula will be copied to
the selected cells with an absolute reference, and the values will be
calculated in each cell.
 Functions and
Formulae
Formula is an expression that calculates values in a cell or in a range of 8
cells.

For example, =A2+A2+A3+A4 is a formula that adds up the values in

cells A2 through A4.

Some formulae:

● SUM
● AVERAGE
● COUNT
● COUNTA
● IF
● TRIM
● MAX & MIN
 Functions and
Formulae
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Function is a predefined formula that already available in Excel.

Some functions:

● Len()
● Find()
● Replace()
● Upper()
● Lower()
● Concatenate()
 Pivot Tables

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Pivot Tables are an extremely useful tool to aggregate such data

without using formulae.

Using Pivot Tables eases the analysis. To a large extent, it eliminates

the need for statistical formulae.

A pivot table is a table of statistics that summarizes the data of a more

extensive table (such as from a database, spreadsheet, or business
intelligence program).
This summary might include sums, averages, or other statistics,
which the pivot table groups together in a meaningful way
 VLOOKUP Table

● When you want to work with two tables at a time VLOOKUP Table 11

can be helpful.

● VLOOKUP Table will work only when two tables have common
columns.
If there is no common column between two tables, it will not work.

● It take four arguments:

a. LOOKUP_VALUE: Value to be found

b. TABLE_ARRAY: Table in which the LOOKUP_VALUE has to
be searched
c. COL_INDEX_RETURN: Index of the column that has to be
returned
d. RANGE_LOOKUP: This is an optional parameter. However, in
order to ensure an exact match, always use ‘FALSE’ here
 Data Analysis in Excel
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We are given the dataset containing FIFA 2019 players information. Let us try to analyse this dataset and
derive some insights.

Dataset: FIFA_2019_data

● What is the most preferred foot among footballers?

● What are the top 2 positions played by the players?
● Plot a graph to comment on the count of players on the basis of height. Find the average height of a
football player.
● Top 5 countries with the highest participation in FIFA 2019
● Plot a graph to comment on the count of players on the basis of their age. What observations do you
make about it?
● Create a new sheet with information about the best players per each position with their age, club, and
nationality based on their overall scores.
● Which football club has the most number of players with high overall scores?
● Find the 15 youngest and 15 oldest players from the dataset.
● Top 10 left footed footballers
 13

Any Queries?

Thank
You!