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Lecture 6

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4 views

Lecture 6

Uploaded by

obito9uchida
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to

Computer Science
Lecture 5

Prepared by/ mosa elkhedr


y
Licensing Models
 Software can also be categorized based on its licensing model, which
determines how it can be used and distributed:
 Proprietary Software: Software that is owned by an individual or a company
and is subject to licensing restrictions.
 Users must purchase a license to use it
 Example: Microsoft Windows.

 Open-Source Software: Software that is freely available for use,


modification, and distribution.
 The source code is accessible to users
 Example: Linux.

 Freeware: Software that is available for free but may have limitations or ads.
 The source code is usually not available
 Example: Adobe Acrobat Reader.
Computer Classifications

 Computers can be classified into four main


categories based on their capabilities, use
and size.
Classification by handling capabilities

 Computers can also be classified according


to how they are designed to operate, or
according to their methods of operation.

 Therefore, the three broad categories include


 Analog

 Digital

 Hybrid computers.
Analog computers
 Analog computers As the name suggests, these types of computers
are primarily designed to process and analyze analog data that can be
measured.
 digital data is not processed, but instead, the data is represented by a
physical quantity, such as distance, pressure, temperature, speed, or length.

 Examples of analog computers include speedometers.


Digital computers
 Digital computers These types of computers are designed to work on
digital data that is presented in the form of binary numbers (0 and 1).
 Therefore, any input is typically converted to binary language to enable the
computer to process the data to produce information.

 Examples of digital computers include most forms of personal computers,


laptops, mobile phones, and tablets.
Hybrid computers

 A hybrid computer is a combination of analog and


digital computer.
Classification by use
 General-purpose computers are designed to perform a
variety of tasks and can be used by a wide range of users.
 These include most personal computers (PCs), desktop
computers, laptops, and tablets.

 Special-purpose computers are designed for a specific


task or set of tasks and cannot perform general-purpose
tasks.
 These include robotic vacuum cleaners, and washing
machines.
Classification by size
 Computers can classified according to size
to 5 types:
 Minicomputer

 Microcomputer

 Mainframe

 Workstation

 Supercomputer
Classification by size
 Microcomputers are the smallest and most common
type of computer.
 They are primarily used for personal use.

 Examples include desktop computers, personal computers (PCs),


laptops, and tablets.

 They are suitable for a variety of tasks and uses, such as word
processing, web browsing, streaming media, and gaming.
Workstation
 Workstation computers are single-user computer that
are specifically programmed for engineering
applications, software development.

 They feature advanced graphics, large amounts of random access


memory, and high-end graphical user interface (GUls).
Minicomputers
 Minicomputers are medium-sized computers that are
larger than microcomputers but smaller than
mainframes.
 They also use multiprocessing systems and can accommodate from 5
to 300 people.

 Minicomputers can process data from multiple sources while dealing


with large amounts of information.

 Minicomputer applications include networking, image processing, and


software development.
Mainframe
 Mainframe computers are large and powerful machines that are used primarily
in data centers for large organizations.

 They are typically found in a dedicated server room and feature multiple central processing
units (CPUs).

 Mainframe computers can access by multiple users simultaneously.

 They are capable of processing massive amounts of data (up to 30 billion transactions per
day) quickly and accurately.

 Mainframe computers have been upgraded to levels of security, scalability, and reliability,
making them ideal for critical operations such as banking, government, or insurance.
Supercomputers
 Supercomputers are the fastest, largest, and most expensive type
of computer available.
 They are composed of 10, 100, 1000, or more computers working
together.

 Supercomputers are designed for specialized applications that require


complex calculations, such as weather forecasting, nuclear energy
research, and geological data analysis.
Questions
 What are the categories of the software?
 Compare between Data and Information?
 Briefly explain the Information Processing Cycle with a drawing?
 What are the components of Computer System?
 Mention the hardware components with drawing?
 Briefly, Describe the hardware components with drawing?
 Briefly explain the components of CPU with a drawing?
 What are the Major Functions of Computer System?
 Briefly explain the different types of ROM?
 Compare between cash memory and Ram?
 Compare between different bus types?
 What are the main functions of the control unit?
 What are the types of the computer based on capabilities?
 Compare between mainframe and supercomputer?
Output devices

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