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Dynamics

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17 views44 pages

Dynamics

Uploaded by

mvrckrosete
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Dynamics

Dynamics
Dynamics is the branch of mechanics which deals with the study of
bodies in motion.
Kinematics
Example no. 1
On a certain stretch of track, trains run at 60 mph (96.56 kph). How far
back of a stopped train should be a warning torpedo be placed to signal
an oncoming train? Assume that the brakes are applied at once and
retard the train at the uniform rate of 2 ft/sec2 (0.61 m/s2).
Example no. 2
A stone is thrown vertically upward and return to earth in 10 sec. What
was its initial velocity and how high did it go?
Example no. 3
A stone is dropped from a captive balloon at an elevation of 1000 ft
(304.8 m). Two seconds later another stone is thrown vertically upward
from the ground with a velocity of 248 ft/s (75.6 m/s). If g = 32
ft/s2 (9.75 m/s2), when and where the stones pass each other?
Example no. 4
Curvilinear Translation (Projectile
Motion)
Tangential and Normal acceleration
• Tangential Component
• The tangential component is tangent to the curve and in the direction
of increasing or decreasing velocity and is denoted as aT, and allows
us to know how much acceleration acts in the direction of motion.
• Normal Component
• The normal component, sometimes called the centripetal component,
is always directed toward the center of curvature of the curve and is
denoted as aN, and allows us to know how much the acceleration is
orthogonal to the tangential acceleration.
Example no. 1
Example no. 2
A projectile is fired with the muzzle velocity of 300 m/s from gun aimed
upward at an angle of 20 with horizontal from the top of the building
30 m high above the level ground. with what velocity will it hit the
ground in m/s.

v = 301 m/s
Example no. 1
Example no. 2
Example no. 3
Rotation
Rotation is a motion along a circular path.
Let: S = linear distance in meters
v = linear velocity in m/s
a = linear acceleration in m/s
ɵ = angular distance in radians
ɷ= angular velocity in rad/s
α = angular acceleration rad/s2

s = rɵ
v = rɷ
a = rα
For variable angular acceleration the following formulas must be used
Example no. 1
Example no. 2
D’Alembert’s Principle

D’Alembert’s principle states that

For a system of mass of particles, the sum of the difference of the force acting on
the system and the time derivatives of the momenta is zero when projected onto
any virtual displacement.

It is also known as the Lagrange-d’Alembert principle, named after the French


mathematician and physicist Jean le Rond d’Alembert. It is an alternative form of
Newton’s second law of motion. According to the 2nd law of motion, F = ma while
it is represented as F – ma = 0 in D’Alembert’s law. So it can be said that the object
is in equilibrium when a real force is acting on it. Here, F is the real force while -ma
is the fictitious force known as inertial force.
Centrifugal force
A centrifugal force is the force that will pull the body moving in a
circular path away from the center.
v

=
where: W = weight of body
𝐹𝑐 r
v = tangential velocity
r = radius of curvature
g = acceleration due to gravity
Banking of highway curve
The ideal angle of banking , Ɵ may be calculated using;
tanƟ =

For greater velocity without skidding;


tan(Ɵ+ɸ)=
Example no. 1
A wooden block having weight of 50N is placed at a distance of 1.5m
from the center of circular platform rotating at a speed of 2 radians per
seconds. Determine the minimum coefficient of friction of the blocks so
that it will not slide. Radius of the circular platform is 3m.

µ = 0.61
Example no. 2
A highway has a super elevation 7 degrees. What is the radius of the
curve such that there will be no lateral pressure between the tires and
the roadway at a speed of 40 mph.

r = 265.41m
Example no. 1
Example no. 2
Example no. 3
Example no. 4
Work
Work done by the spring
Work done due to gravity
Principle of Work and Energy
Example no. 1
Example no. 2
Example no. 3
Example no. 4
Principle of impulse and momentum
Example no. 1
Example no. 2

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