Chapter 1: Introduction

to Personal Development
By: Group 1
TOPIC OUTLINE
I. Development C. Personal Development

A. Definition II. Personal Development

B. Human Development D. Origin

i. Three (3) Aspects of Human E. Psychology

Development iii. Humanistic Psychology
a. Physical Development iv. Positive Psychology

b. Cognitive Development F. Adolescence

c. Psychosocial Development G. Spirituality and Religious Beliefs

ii. Three (3) Factors influencing

Human Development
d. Heredity
e. Environment
f. Maturation
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
By the end of this lesson, you will be able
to:
▪ Know what is Human Development and
Personal Development and the factors that
influenced them
▪ Understand the importance of Personal
Development
▪ Differentiate Personal Development to
Personality Development
WHAT IS DEVELOPMENT?
according to Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary....

• The act or process of growing or causing something to

grow or become larger or more advanced;
• The act or process of creating something over a
period of time; and
• The state of being created or made more advanced
WHAT IS HUMAN DEVELOPMENT?
• is a complex interplay between biology, psychology,
and society (Newman & Newman, 2015).
• is defined as a process of increasing the capability of
humans or populations to be able to participate in all
areas of development, and to lead a healthy and
productive life in society (Alkire, 2010).
• is defined as the process of enlarging people's
freedoms and opportunities and improving their well-
being.
  Physical Development

3 Aspects of
Human  Cognitive
Development

Developme
nt  Psychosocial
Development
PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT
- covers the growth of the body and the brain, motor and
sensory skills, and even physical health.

COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
- covers our capacity to learn, speak, to understand, to
reason, and to create.

PSYCHOSOCIAL
-DEVELOPMENT
Includes our social interactions with other people, our
emotions, attitudes, self-identity, personality, beliefs, and
values.
  Heredity

3 Factors
influencing  Environment

Human
Developme  Maturation

nt
HEREDITY
- or the inborn traits passed on by the generations of
offspring from both sides of the biological parents’
families.
ENVIRONMENT
- Is the world outside of ourselves and the experiences
that result from our contact and interaction with this
external world.
MATURATION
- Is the natural progression of the brain and
the body that affects the cognitive (thinking
and intelligence), psychological (emotion,
attitude, and self-identity), and social
(relationships) dimensions of a person .
- The influence of physical maturation over a
person’s development is most pronounced
during his childhood and adolescence
stages.
PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT
OR
PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT
PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT
• From the word personality, which means the set of
emotional qualities, ways of behaving, etc., that makes
a person different from other people;
• Attractive qualities (such as energy, friendliness, and
humor) that make a person interesting or pleasant to
be with;
• Personality development refers to the process by which
it organized thoughts and behaviour patterns that make
up person’s unique personality emerge over time.

Example: How to dress up appropriately

PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT
• From the word personal, which means belonging or
relating to a particular person
• Personal development may be defined as a process in
which persons reflect upon themselves, understand
who they are, accept what they discover about
themselves, and learn (unlearn) new sets of values,
attitudes, behaviour, and thinking skills to reach their
fullest potential as human beings.

Example: Improve time management

ORIGINS OF PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT
ORIGINS (SUMMARY)
 Early Human History:
 Cave paintings by early Homo sapiens as a form of creative expression and
narration.
 Attempt to link individual development with social responsibility in early
civilizations.
 Greek Philosophers:
 Plato in "Republic" emphasized character-building as the essence of
education.
 Western thinking started to connect individual development with social
responsibility.
 Human Potential Movement (1960s):
 Influenced by existentialism and humanistic psychology.
 Further developed the idea of personal growth and self-actualization.
 Eastern Philosophy:
 Chinese concept of the "superior man" striving for personal excellence.
 Confucius emphasized self-improvement as a key aspect of personal
ORIGINS (SUMMARY)
 Religious Influence:
 Many religions advocate rituals for self-discipline, meditation,
and prayer.
 Practices like yoga, fasting, and creative expressions aid in
personal growth.
 Overall Impact:
 Various cultural and philosophical influences shaped the
understanding of personal development.
 The quest for self-improvement has been a consistent theme
throughout human history, evolving through different lenses
and practices.
PSYCHOLOGY AND PERSONAL
DEVELOPMENT
PSYCHOLOGY
- Being the study of human thinking and behavior, serves
as a foundation for personal development.
- The school of thought that gave birth to the
contemporary understanding of personal development
started during the flourishing of Humanistic and
Positive Psychology in the 1950s, which dealt with
personal growth and meaning as a way of reaching one's
fullest potentials
HUMANISTIC PSYCHOLOGY
- humanistic psychology, a movement
in psychology supporting the belief that humans,
as individuals, are unique beings.
- a perspective that emphasizes looking at the
whole individual and stresses concepts such as
free will, self-efficacy, and self-actualization
- As Humanistic Psychology waned in the late 1970s,
it was eventually revived decades later.
 THE TWO PROPONENTS OF
HUMANISTIC PSYCHOLOGY
Carl Rogers
Abraham Maslow
(American Psychologist) (American Psychologist)
Maslow theorized the five stages of human
development based on a hierarchy of needs, peaking
in what he termed as “self-actualization”.
 Carl Roger
(American
Psychologist)
-In his psychotherapy
practice, theorized that
“the individual has within
himself the capacity and
tendency, latent if not
evident, to move forward
toward maturity.” (On
Becoming a Person, p.35)
POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY
- Created a balance between what humanistic psychology
emphasized that human nature is basically good, while
adding that human nature includes both the positive and the
negative aspects.
- In short, positive psychology stresses that human nature
has its good and positive strengths, as well as its
inadequacies and weaknesses (Peterson 2006)
- Positive Psychology, as defined by the Positive Psychology
Center at the University of Pennsylvania, is the scientific
study of strengths and virtues that help individuals and
communities thrive, focusing on leading meaningful lives and
enhancing experiences in love, work, and play.
 o Martin Seligman (President of the American
Psychological Association in 1998) and Mihaly
Csikszentmihalyi shifted psychology's focus
Martin Seligman from a disease model to a positive perspective.
(American o They emphasized the importance of human
Psychologist and
Educator) potential and well-being after the 2nd world war
(1939-1945).
o Their work encouraged a shift towards
understanding what is good and positive about
individuals.
o This new approach aimed to help individuals
Mihaly achieve their full potentials and lead fulfilling
Csikszentmihalyi lives.
(Hungarian-
American
Psychologist)
PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT IN
ADOLESCENCE
ADOLESCENCE
- Transition period between childhood and early adulthood,
typically occurring between ages 11 or 12 to about 18 years of
age (Feist and Rosenberg, 2012).
- Biological Changes: Puberty marks the beginning, leading to
physical growth spurts and maturity for both genders.
- Cognitive and Affective Changes: Adolescents develop the
ability to reason abstractly (Piaget) and explore concepts like
philosophy, religion, and politics.
- Identity Exploration: Adolescents start questioning their
identity and place in the world.
- Relationship Shifts: Friendships become central,
overshadowing family relationships during this phase.
ADOLESCENCE
- Corpuz, Lucas, Borabo, and Lucido
(2010) provided the Philippine context
and defined the three stages of
adolescence:
• Early adolescence (10-13 years)
• Middle adolescence (14-16 years)
• Late adolescence (17-20 years).
SPIRITUALITY AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS IN
PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT
SPIRITUALITY AND RELIGIOUS
BELIEFS
- Research among US teens indicates that
personal identity formation involves
considerations of spirituality and religious
beliefs.
- Individuals are encouraged to explore how their
religious beliefs impact their personal
development and identity understanding.
 Chapter 2: Knowing
Oneself

By: Group 1
TOPIC OUTLINE
I. Self
A. Definition
B. Personality
i. Nature
ii. Nurture
iii. Trait Theory
iv. Big Five/Five-Factor Model
C. Personality Traits
D. Measuring Personality
v. The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
By the end of this lesson, you will be able
to:
▪ Know what does self mean
▪ Determine how self develop one’s
personality
▪ Identify different type of personality
DEFINING THE “SELF”
ADOLESCENCE

• In philosophical terms, it is the being, which is the

source of a person’s consciousness.
• It is the agent responsible for an individual’s thoughts
and actions.
• is an intangible entity that directs a person's thoughts
and actions. It is outside the physical realm of the
person.
 WHAT DOES THE CONCEPT OF
“SELF” MEAN?

• In philosophical terms, it is the being, which is the source

of a person’s consciousness.
• It is the agent responsible for an individual’s thoughts and
actions.
• is an intangible entity that directs a person's thoughts and
actions. It is outside the physical realm of the person.
• is identified in various contexts, such as in psychology,
sociology, or religion.
• is the essence of a person: his thoughts, feelings and
actions, experiences, beliefs, values, principles, and
relationships.
• includes a person's life purpose, meaning, and aspirations
PERSONALITY
• In Psychology, the term personality is
referred to as the set of behaviors, feelings,
thoughts, and motives that identifies an
Individual.
• is the essence of who we are and is the
embodiment of one's physical,
psychological, cognitive, affective, and
spiritual self. Therefore, when we speak of
the "Self", we will describe it in personality
terms
 PSYCHOLOGISTS
VIEWPOINT
ABOUT PERSONALITY
 One definition states, "personality refers to the
unique and relatively enduring set of behaviors,
feelings, thoughts, and motives that characterize an
individual"
-Feist and Rosenberg 2012.
 Gonton Allport defines personality as “a pattern of
habits attitudes, and traits that determine an
individual's characteristics behavior, and traits”
-Sanchez, Abad, and Jao 2012.
NATURE, NURTURE, AND
PERSONALITY
Personality is influenced by both
nature (heredity or genetic make-
up) and nurture (environment).
There is no single gene that creates a
trait; it is a complex combination of
genes, environmental exposure,
experiences, and cultural backgrounds.
Common personality traits cross many
cultures, such as agreeableness and
There are, however, other personality traits
that are more prominent in one culture than
another.

Example 1: Asians exhibit strong "interpersonal

relatedness" compared to Westerners who focus
on personal goals.

Example 2: An Asian considering a career move

abroad will prioritize its impact on family and
social ties, while a Westerner sees it as
TRAIT THEORY AND
PERSONALITY
 Trait theory proposes that personality is
based on traits or dispositions.
 This approach identifies personality types
based on varying traits or attributes.
 Developed over the past 60 years, starting
with D. W. Fiske (1949) and continued by
researchers like Norman (1967), Smith
(1967), Goldberg (1981), and McCrae and
Costa (1987).
BIG FIVE
Costa and McRae (1992)
developed the Big Five or Five-
Factor Model of personality,
identifying five universal
dimensions: openness to
experience, conscientiousness,
extraversion, agreeableness, and
neuroticism. The acronym OCEAN
helps to remember these traits,
which can be described using
their most positive aspects.
BIG FIVE
• Openness to experience-curiosity,
interest, imagina tion, and
creativity to new ideas
• Conscientiousness-planning,
organizing, hard working,
controlling, persevering, and
punctuality
• Extraversion-sociable, talkative,
active, outgoing, and fun-loving
• Agreeableness-friendly, warm,
trusting, generous, and kind-
hearted
• Neuroticism-calm, relaxed, and
comfortable
 PERSONALITY TRAITS
- is a disposition to behave consistently in a
particular way, while personality is a broader
term that com prises of traits, motives,
thoughts, self-concept, and feelings.

Example: shyness or social awkwardness.

 MEASURING
PERSONALITY
PERSONALITY MEASUREMENT
Behavioral Observation:
• Measures personality through external behavior.
• Limited in capturing internal states like loneliness. - Subjective
interpretation by observers.
Personality Tests
Rorschach Inkblot Test:
• Uses ambiguous inkblots to assess personality. - Reveals perceptions and
thought patterns.
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI):
• Categorizes personality into 16 types based on preferences in perception
and judgment.
• Often used for career counseling and personal development.
Keirsey Temperament Sorter:
• Classifies personality into four temperaments.
• Focuses on behavior and interactions with others.
Online Personality Tests:
• Available for free and widely used. - Can aid in career planning and
personal insight.
 THE MYERS-BRIGGS TYPE
INDICATOR
• E or 1 (Extraversion or Introversion) is how an
individual prefers to channel his or her energy
when dealing with people, whether it is inward
(introversion) or out ward (extraversion)
 Katherine Briggs and • S or N (Sensing or Intuition) is how one prefers
to pro cess information, whether through the use
Isabel Briggs Myers of senses such as being able to describe what one
developed the Myers- sees, or intuitively like dealing with ideas.
Briggs personality model • T or F (Thinking or Feeling) is how an individual
prefers to make decisions, either thinking or using
based on four logic and analysis, or feeling which uses the
preferences of cognitive senses based on values or beliefs.
• J or P (Judgment or Perception) is how an
individuals. individual prefers to manage one's life, whether
through judging. which means a planned and
organized life, versus perception, which has a
more flexible approach to living.
The combination of these four preferences produces 16
types of combinations of personality types, usually
represented by their first letters.
 DIAGRAM OF POPULAR PERSONS
INDICATED IN THE MYERS-BRIGGS
TYPE INDICATOR
ADDITIONAL INFO:
▪ Know Thyself: Inscribed at the oracle of Delphi by Greek philosophers,
statesmen, and lawgivers.

▪ Socrates: Emphasized self-knowledge as crucial; considered the admission of

one's ignorance the start of true knowledge.

▪ Plato: Followed Socratic thought, asserting that self-knowledge is the

foundation of all knowledge.

▪ Ancient Hindu Writings (Upanishads): Assert that inquiry into the truth of
the "Self" is a form of knowledge.

▪ Persian Poet Rumi: Questioned identity amidst mental complexity with the
line, "Who am I in the midst of all this thought traffic?"

▪ American Poet Walt Whitman: Celebrated the "Self" as "a simple, separate
person," emphasizing individual identity.
ADDITIONAL INFO:
▪ Personality is defined by the consistency and unique
expression of thoughts, feelings, and behavior over time.
▪ Exceptions exist where consistency may not apply in all
situations. - Consistency in personality traits is not absolute
and can change under certain circumstances.
▪ Illness, like Alzheimer's disease, can alter an individual's
personality.
▪ Alzheimer's disease has been shown to impact three
dimensions of personality: anxiety, extraversion, and
openness (Costa and McRae 1992).
ACTIVITY