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Vectors

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34 views32 pages

Vectors

Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 32

I know where I’m

going
• A scalar is a quantity described by just a number, usually with units. It can be positive,
negative, or zero.
• Examples:
– Distance
– Time
– Temperature
– Speed

• A vector is a quantity with magnitude and direction. The magnitude of a vector is a


nonnegative scalar.
• Examples:
– Displacement
– Force
– Acceleration
– Velocity
Magnitude, what is it?
The magnitude of something is its size.
Not “BIG” but rather “HOW BIG?”
 Magnitude and Direction
 When specifying some (not all!) quantities, simply stating its
magnitude is not good enough.
 For example: ”Where’s the library?,” you need to give a vector!

Quantity Category
1. 5m
2. 30 m/sec, East
3. 5 miles, North
4. 20 degrees Celsius
5. 256 bytes
6. 4,000 Calories
 Magnitude and Direction
 Giving directions:
– How do I get to the Virginia
Beach Boardwalk from
Norfolk?
– Go 25 miles. (scalar, almost
useless).
– Go 25 miles East. (vector,
magnitude & direction)
 Graphical Representation of Vectors
 Vectors are represented by an arrow.
 The length indicates its magnitude.
 The direction the arrow point determines
its direction.
Vector r
 Has a magnitude of 1.5 meters
 A direction of  = 250
 E 25 N
 Identical Vectors
 A vector is defined by its magnitude and direction, it
doesn’t depend on its location.
 Thus, are all identical vectors
 Properties of Vectors
 Two vectors are the same if their sizes and their
directions are the same, regardless of where they are.
y Which ones are the
same vectors?
D
F A=B=E=D

A Why aren’t the others?


B
x C: The same magnitude
but opposite direction:
E C C= - A

F: The same direction


but different magnitude
 The Negative of a Vector
 Same length (magnitude) opposite direction
1. Graphically – Use ruler, protractor, and graph paper.
i. Tail to tip method
ii. Parallelogram method
2. Mathematically – Use trigonometry and algebra

Tail to Tip Method Steps:


i. Draw a coordinate axes
ii. Plot the first vector with the tail at the origin
iii. Place the tail of the second vector at the tip of the first vector
iv. Draw in the resultant (sum) tail at origin, tip at the tip of the
2nd vector. (Label all vectors)
 2 vectors same direction
Add the following vectors
• d1 = 40 m east
• d2 = 30 m east
• What is the resultant?

d1 = 40 m east d2 = 30 m east

d1 + d2 = 70 m east Use scale 1cm = 10m

Just add, resultant the sum in the same direction.


 2 vectors opposite direction
Add the following vectors
• d1 = 40 m east
• d2 = 30 m west
• What is the resultant?

Use scale 1cm = 10m


d1 = 40 m east d2 = 30 m west

d1 + d2 = 10 m east

Subtract, resultant the difference and in the direction of the larger.


 2 perpendicular vectors
Add the following vectors
• v1 = 40 m east
• v2 = 30 m north
• Find R

v2 = 30 m north
R

1. Measure angle with a protractor


 2. Measure length with a ruler
3. Use scale 1cm = 10m
v1 = 40 m east 4. R = 50 m, E 370 N
 2 random vectors
 To add two vectors together, lay the arrows tail to tip.
 For example C = A + B

Use scale 1cm = 10m

link
1. The magnitude of the resultant vector will be greatest when
the original 2 vectors are positioned how? (00 between them)
2. The magnitude will be smallest when the original 2 vectors
are positioned how? (1800 between them)
How does changing the order change the resultant?

It doesn’t!
The order in which you add vectors doesn’t effect the resultant.
A + B + C + D + E=
C + B + A + D + E =
D + E + A + B + C
The resultant is the same regardless of the order.
link
 adding 3 vectors
Example: A car travels
1. 20.0 km due north
2. 35.0 km in a direction N 60° W
3. Find the magnitude and direction of the car’s resultant
displacement graphically.

Use scale 1cm = 10km

We cannot just add 20 and 35 to get resultant vector!!


1. Graphically – Use ruler, protractor, and graph paper.
i. Tail to tip method
ii. Parallelogram method
2. Mathematically – Use trigonometry and algebra

Parallelogram Method Steps:


1. Draw a coordinate axes
2. Plot the first vector with the tail at the origin
3. Plot the second vector with its the tail also at the origin
4. Complete the parallelogram
5. Draw in the diagonal, this is the resultant.
B R

Parallelogram Method Tail to Tip Method

You obtain the same result using either method.


 Add the following velocity vectors using the
parallelogram method
V1 = 60 km/hour east
V2 = 80 km/hour north
F1 + F 2 = F 3 = R
Step 1: Step 2: Step 3:
Draw both Complete the Draw in the
vectors with tails parallelogram resultant
at the origin

u+v=R
 Vector Subtraction
 Simply add its negative
 For example, if D = A - B then use

link
 Vector Multiplication
 To multiply a vector by a scalar
 Multiply the magnitude of the vector by the scalar (number).
 Adding Vectors Mathematically (Right angles)
 Use Pythagorean Theorem 2 2 2
 Trig Function opp a  b c
tan  
adj

Ex: If A=3, and B=5, find R

2 2 2 opp
A  B R tan   R B
adj
32  52 R 2 tan  
5
4 
R  34  tan 1 5
A
4
R 5.9 units  51.30
 I walk 45 m west, then 25 m south.
 What is my displacement?

A = 45 m west C2 = A2 + B2

C2 = (45 m)2 + (25 m)2
C C = 51.5 m
opposite B
B = 25 m south tan θ  
adjacent A

C = 51 m W 29o S B 1  1 25
θ tan tan 29
A 45
Find the magnitude and direction of the resultant vector below

8N

r
cto
2 7
R  8  15

Ve
rce
15 N
Fo R 17 N
nt
lta
esu
=R
R
Y

tan = 15/8
 = tan -1 (15/8) = 620


X

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