Commands

Ping:
• The ping command is used to verify network connectivity
between devices in a simulated network.
Common uses of ping in Cisco Packet Tracer:
• Verify end-to-end connectivity: To ensure that two devices on
a network can communicate.
• Check network configurations: To confirm correct IP
addressing and routing.
• Test latency and packet loss: To measure the time it takes for a
packet to travel between devices.
ping
• ping from PC0 to PC1
Tracert:
• The tracert (trace route) command is used to determine the path
that packets take from the source device to the destination device
across a network. It helps in identifying the routers and gateways
through which packets pass, providing insight into network hops,
routing issues, or delays along the path.
• Uses of tracert :
• Network Path Verification: It helps in tracing the route packets
take to reach a remote device, ensuring that they are following the
correct path.
 Tracert:
• Troubleshooting Network Issues: tracert can help detect where
packets are being dropped or delayed in the network. If a specific
hop is unreachable or shows high latency, it could indicate a
problem.
• Routing Configuration Verification: Useful in checking whether
routers are properly forwarding packets along the expected paths.
• Identifying Bottlenecks: By checking the response times of each
hop, you can pinpoint slow points in the network.
trace
• tracert command based on previous ping command
• On pc, there is tracert command and on router, there is trace
command
• IPconfig:
• The ipconfig command is used on PCs or devices running an
operating system that supports it (like PCs, laptops, or servers). It
provides essential information about the device’s network
configuration, such as its IP address, subnet mask, and default
gateway.
• Uses of Ipconfig:
• View IP Configuration: Quickly check the current network settings
of a device to ensure it has the correct IP address, subnet mask, and
gateway.
• Troubleshoot Network Connectivity: If a PC is unable to reach other
devices on the network, using ipconfig can help verify if the correct IP
settings are assigned.
• IPconfig:
• Identify Network Misconfigurations: It helps in detecting issues
like missing default gateways, duplicate IP addresses, or incorrect
subnet masks.
• Verify DHCP Configuration: If a device is configured to obtain its
IP address via DHCP, you can use ipconfig to see if it successfully
received an IP address from the DHCP server.
Ipconfig: The ipconfig command is used to get the details of all
the network interfaces present in a system, and information
related to it.
• ipconfig on PC0
• ARP:
• the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) command is used to display
or modify the ARP table on a device (such as a PC, router, or
switch). The ARP table stores mappings of IP addresses to MAC
addresses, allowing devices to resolve the hardware address of other
devices on the same local network.
arp
• The Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is a communication
protocol used for discovering the link layer address, such as
a MAC address, associated with a given internet layer address,
typically an IPv4 address.
• arp –a on PC0
• Netstat:
• The netstat command is used on PCs or servers to display network
statistics, including active connections, listening ports, routing
tables, and protocol statistics.
• Purpose of netstat:
• The netstat command provides detailed information about the
network connections and the status of various protocols such as TCP
and UDP.
• It shows active TCP connections, ports on which the system is
listening, Ethernet statistics, IP routing table information, and more.
• netstat –a : netstat -a: Displays all active connections and listening
ports.

• netstat -n: Shows active connections without resolving hostnames

(shows numerical IP addresses).

• netstat -r: Displays the routing table, similar to the route print
command.

• netstat -e: Displays Ethernet statistics such as the number of bytes

and packets sent and received.
netstat
• Displays active TCP connections, ports on which the
computer is listening, Ethernet statistics, the IP routing
table, IPv4 statistics (for the IP, ICMP, TCP, and UDP
protocols), and IPv6 statistics (for the IPv6, ICMPv6, TCP
over IPv6, and UDP over IPv6 protocols).

•Syntax
•netstat [-a] [-e] [-n] [-o] [-p Protocol] [-r] [-s] [Interval]
•Parameters

•-a : Displays all active TCP connections and the TCP and UDP ports on which the
computer is listening.
•
•-e : Displays Ethernet statistics, such as the number of bytes and packets sent and
received. This parameter can be combined with -s.
•
•-n : Displays active TCP connections, however, addresses and port numbers are
expressed numerically and no attempt is made to determine names.
•-o : Displays active TCP connections and includes the process ID (PID) for each
connection. You can find the application based on the PID on the Processes tab in
Windows Task Manager. This parameter can be combined with -a, -n, and -p.
•
•-p Protocol : Shows connections for the protocol specified by Protocol. In this case,
the Protocol can be tcp, udp, tcpv6, or udpv6. If this parameter is used with -s to
display statistics by protocol, Protocol can
be tcp, udp, icmp, ip, tcpv6, udpv6, icmpv6, or ipv6.
•
•-s : Displays statistics by protocol. By default, statistics are shown for the TCP, UDP,
ICMP, and IP protocols. If the IPv6 protocol for Windows XP is installed, statistics are
shown for the TCP over IPv6, UDP over IPv6, ICMPv6, and IPv6 protocols. The -
p parameter can be used to specify a set of protocols.
•
•-r : Displays the contents of the IP routing table. This is equivalent to the route
print command.
• Parameter Description
• netstat –e Displays Ethernet statistics, such as the
number of bytes and packets sent and
received.
nslookup
• Displays information that you can use to diagnose Domain Name
System (DNS) infrastructure. Before using this tool, you should be
familiar with how DNS works.

• Parameter Description
• nslookup ls Lists information for a DNS domain.
References
• https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/
windows-commands/netstat