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01 Basics Functions

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9 views

01 Basics Functions

Uploaded by

Nazha Mujahid
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Unit 1

Basic Python programs, functions


Special thanks to Roy McElmurry, John Kurkowski, Scott Shawcroft, Ryan Tucker, Paul Beck for
their work.
Except where otherwise noted, this work is licensed under:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
Python!
• Created in 1991 by Guido van Rossum (now at
Google)
 Named for Monty Python

• Useful as a scripting language


 script: A small program meant for one-time use
 Targeted towards small to medium sized projects

• Used by:
 Google, Yahoo!, Youtube
 Many Linux distributions
 Games and apps (e.g. Eve Online)

2
Installing Python
Windows: Mac OS X:
• Download Python from • Python is already installed.
http://www.python.org • Open a terminal and run
• Install Python. python or run Idle from
• Run Idle from the Start Finder.
Menu.
Linux:
• Chances are you already
have Python installed. To
check, run python from the
terminal.
Note: For step by step • If not, install from your
installation instructions, see the distribution's package
course web site.
system.

3
Interpreted Languages
• interpreted
 Not compiled like Java
 Code is written and then directly executed by an
interpreter
 Type commands into interpreter and see immediate
results

Java: Runtime Compute


Code Compiler
Environment r

Python: Compute
Code Interpreter
r

4
The Python Interpreter
• Allows you to type commands one-at-a-time and see
results
• A great way to explore Python's syntax
 Repeat previous command: Alt+P

5
Our First Python
Program
• Python does not have a main method like Java
 The program's main code is just written directly in the
file
• Python statements do not end with semicolons
hello.py
1 print("Hello, world!")

6
The print Statement
print("text")
print() (a blank line)
 Escape sequences such as \" are the same as in Java
 Strings can also start/end with '

swallows.py
1 print("Hello, world!")
2 print()
3 print("Suppose two swallows \"carry\" it together.")
4 print('African or "European" swallows?')

7
Comments
• Syntax:
# comment text (one line)

swallows2.py
1 # Suzy Student, CSE 142, Fall 2097
2 # This program prints important messages.
3 print("Hello, world!")
4 print() # blank line
5 print("Suppose two swallows \"carry\" it together.")
6 print('African or "European" swallows?')

8
Functions
• Function: Equivalent to a static method in Java.

hello2.py
• Syntax:
1 # Prints a helpful message.
def name(): 2 def hello():
statement 3 print("Hello, world!")
4
statement 5 # main (calls hello twice)
... 6 hello()
7 hello()
statement

 Must be declared above the 'main' code


 Statements inside the function must be indented

9
Whitespace Significance
• Python uses indentation to indicate blocks, instead
of {}
 Makes the code simpler and more readable
 In Java, indenting is optional. In Python, you must
indent. hello3.py
1 # Prints a helpful message.
2 def hello():
3 print("Hello, world!")
4 print("How are you?")
5
6 # main (calls hello twice)
7 hello()
8 hello()

10
Exercise
• Rewrite the Figures lecture program in Python. Its
output:
______
/ \
/ \
\ /
\______/
\ /
\______/
+--------+
______
/ \
/ \
| STOP |
\ /
\______/
______
/ \
/ \
+--------+
11
Exercise Solution
def egg(): def top():
top() print(" ______")
bottom() print(" / \\")
print() print("/ \\")

def cup(): def bottom():


bottom() print("\\ /")
line() print(" \\______/")
print()
def line():
def stop(): print("+--------+")
top()
print("| STOP |") # main
bottom() egg()
print() cup()
stop()
def hat(): hat()
top()
line()
print()

12

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