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Collecting Data Using

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Collecting Data Using

Uploaded by

rodarboaaron
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Collecting Data Using

Appropriate Instruments
RESEARCH INSTRUMENT
Research instrument is very important in every
research paper. It is the main tool on how you will
gather data from the chosen respondents and later
be analyzed for the results. It is usually identified by
the researcher depending on the methodology to be
used. Few examples of research instruments are
survey questionnaire, interview guidelines,
experiments, and observation.
QUESTIONNAIRES
- Paper-pencil questionnaires
The most common research instrument used in quantitative
research. Questionnaires often make use of checklists and
rating scales. It is usually given personally to the
respondents but can also be sent through mail or e-mail.
It can be distributed electronically to a large number of
people and saves the researcher time and money. But when
it is a hard copy (photocopy) and given personally, it usually
takes time and money.
QUESTIONNAIRES
- Web-based questionnaires
A new and inevitably growing methodology is the use of
internet-based research. The respondents will answer online
questions such as the use of Survey Monkey, Google Forms,
or other platforms.
This type of questionnaire has advantages. First, it is cost-
friendly, easy to distribute and can generate results quickly
with just a few steps. Unlike in paper-pen type of
questionnaire where the researcher needs to manually tally
the answers of the respondents.
INTERVIEW
An interview can be used at any stage of the evaluation process.
Two types of interviews are used in evaluation research:
structured interviews, in which a carefully worded questionnaire
is administered, and in-depth interviews, in which the
interviewer does not follow a rigid form. The interview will
supplement the data gathered through questionnaires.
A personal interview (face-to-face interview) is done when
people usually respond when asked by a person, but their
answer may be influenced by the interviewer.
Telephone interviews are less time-consuming and less
EXPERIMENTS
This type of instrument attempts to determine the cause
and effect relationship between two or more variables.
There are two kinds of experiments:
BLIND EXPERIMENT- the test subjects do not know if
they are getting the experimental treatment or the
placebo.
DOUBLE-BLIND EXPERIMENT- neither the test subject
nor the experimenter measuring the response knows to
which group the test subjects have been assigned
OBSERVATIONS
Observational techniques are methods by which an
individual or individuals gather first-hand data on
programs, processes, or behaviors being studied. A
recording sheet and checklist are standards when
collecting data through observation.
As discussed before, structured observation can be
covert, overt, direct, or indirect.
Classification of Research
Instrument Based on Research Type
Based on the table, it is clear that it is possible to have
more than one research instrument for every research
study. It depends on the data you need from the
respondents or the subjects. Most of the time, having
more than one instrument means that you are doing a
mixed-methods approach of research. This is a type of
research wherein you will reach more valid and reliable
results since you will look to have a more diverse
perspective from quantitative and qualitative data.
Identifying the appropriate instrument to be used is
essential in a research study because failing to do so will
result in invalid and unreliable results. If you can recall,
once you have chosen and drafted your instrument, it
must go through validity and reliability tests before you
can actually gather data from the subjects and
respondents. Going through these tests will ensure that
the instrument that you used is applicable to your
research and that the content is aligned with the goal of
your paper.
MODIFIED TRUE OR FALSE: Indicate whether the
statement is true or false. If false, change the
underlined word or phrase to make the statement true.
Write your answers on ½ sheet of paper
1. Interviews can be sent to a large number of people and saves the researcher
time and money.
2. A new and inevitably growing methodology is the use of internet-based research
called web-based questionnaires.
3. Note-pad questionnaire often includes closed-ended and multiple-choice type
of questions. 4. Using a questionnaire is appropriate in all types of research
studies.
5. Observational techniques are methods by which an individual or individuals
Thank you

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