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Physics Project

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11 views11 pages

Physics Project

Uploaded by

krishangpatel91
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Physics Project

Krishang Patel
ROLL NO. 15
12th GRADE SECTION-C

SUBMITTED TO: MR. DEVARSH BHAWSER


Introduction
• The transformer is a device used
for converting a low alternating
voltage to a high alternating
voltage or vice-versa. A
transformer is based on the
principle of mutual induction
according to which, a change in
magnetic flux linked with a coil
induces an EMF in the
neighboring coil. In a
transformer, the electrical
energy transfer from one circuit
to another circuit takes place
without the use of moving
parts. Transformer is, therefore,
an essential piece of apparatus
both for high and low current
circuits.
Aim
• The aim of this experiment is to discuss types
of transformers with proper experimental
setup.
Theory
• Types of transformers
• Uses of transformers
Types of transformers
• 1. Step-up Transformer In a step-up transformer, low AC voltage is
converted to high AC voltage. Here, the secondary coil has greater
number of turns (N > N ), but carries less current compared to primary
(I 1, i.e. the turn ratio (K) is greater than 1. In order to transmit the
voltage from the power plant or generation station over long distances,
it is stepped up using a step-up transformer. This voltage with
increased levels is then transmitted to a distribution station.
• 2. Step-down Transformer In a step-down transformer, high AC voltage
is converted to low AC voltage. Here, the secondary coil has lesser no.
of turns (N < N ), but carries more current compared to primary (I
>I ). 𝑁 𝑁 < 1, i.e. the turn ratio (K) is less than 1. At the distribution
station, the high voltage from the power station is reduced using a
step-down transformer. The voltage with decreased level is then made
ready for consumer use.
Uses of transformers
• Following are the few uses of transformers:
• 1. Involtage regulator for TV, refrigerator, computer, air
conditioner, radio sets, telephones, loud speakers, electric
bells etc.
• 2. Astepdowntransformer is used for welding purposes
and for obtaining large current.
• 3. Astepuptransformer is used for the production of X-rays
and neon advertisements.
• 4. Transformers are used in voltage regulators and
stabilized power supplies and transmissions of AC over
long distances.
Materials Required
• The following list refers to the materials
required to conduct this experiment:
• 1. Iron Rod
• 2. Copper Wire
• 3. Voltmeter
• 4. Ammeter
Theory
• When an altering EMF is supplied to the primary coils, an
alternating current starts falling in it. The altering current in
the primary produces a changing magnetic flux, which
induces altering voltage in the primary as well as in the
secondary. In a good-transformer, the whole of the
magnetic flux linked with the primary is also linked with the
secondary, and then the induced EMF induced in each turn
of the secondary is equal to that induced in each turn of the
primary. I and E be the instantaneous values of the EMF's
induced in the primary and the secondary and N and N are
the no. of turns of the primary secondary coils of the
transformer
Procedure
• The following list refers to the steps to conduct this experiment:
• 1. Take a thick iron rod and cover it with a thick paper and wind a large
number of turns of thin copper wire on thick paper (say 60). This constitutes
the primary coil of the transformer.
• 2. Cover the primary coil with a sheet of paper and wound a relatively
smaller number of turns (say 20) of thick copper wire on it. This constitutes
the secondary coil. It is a step-down transformer.
• 3. Connect p₁ and p₂ to AC main and measure the input voltage and current
using AC voltmeter and ammeter respectively.
• 4. Similarly, measure the output voltage and current through stand s₂.
• 5. Now connects land s₂ to AC mains and again measure voltage and current
through the primary and secondary coil of the step-up transformer.
• 6. Repeat all steps for other self made transformers by changing the number
of turns in primary and secondary coil.
Conclusion
• 1. Step-up transformer increases the voltage
whereas step-down transformer decreases the
voltage.
• 2. Step-up transformer decreases the current
whereas step-down transformer increases the
current.
Bibliography
• 1. NCERT Class 12 Physics Textbook
• 2. NCERT Physics Lab Manual
• 3. http://www.yahoo.co.in/
• 4. https://www.scribd.com/
• 5. https://www.electronicshub.org/

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