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Presentation 1

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ruthukrishnaarun
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© © All Rights Reserved
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TYPES OF

COMPUTERS
WHAT IS A COMPUTER?
COMPUTER

• IS an electronic device for storing and processing data, typically


in binary form, according to instructions given to it in a variable
• There are 5 types of computers
• First generation computers
• Second generation computers
• Third generation computers
• Fourth generation computers

• Fifth generation computers


FIRST GENERATION COMPUTERS
MACHINE LANGUAGE IS EXPRESSED IN A BINARY FOR, I.E., 0S AND 1S WHERE 0 MEANS ‘OFF’ STATE
AND 1 MEANS ‘ON’ STATE. IT IS THE ONLY LANGUAGE THAT A COMPUTER UNDERSTANDS.
MACHINE LANGUAGE HAS THE ADVANTAGE OF A VERY HIGH SPEED AND LOW MEMORY UTILIZATION.
HOWEVER, UNDERSTANDING AND LEARNING MACHINE LANGUAGE IS A TOUGH AND TIME CONSUMING
PROCESS. IT IS VERY DIFFICULT TO WRITE AND DEBUG PROGRAMS WRITTEN IN MACHINE LANGUAGE

IT IS EXTREMELY MACHINE-DEPENDENT. THAT IS WHY MACHINE LANGUAGE IS ALSO CALLED AS LOW-


LEVEL LANGUAGE . A MACHINE LANGUAGE PROGRAM WRITTEN ON ONE COMPUTER MAY NOT RUN ON
ANOTHER COMPUTER. DUE TO THIS, VERY FEW PEOPLE OPT FOR SPECIALIZATION IN A MACHINE
LANGUAGE.
SECOND GENERATION COMPUTER
THIS LANGUAGE USES MNEMONIC CODES OR SYMBOLS IN PLACE OF 0S AND1S. FOR EXAMPLE, IF THE
OPERATION CODE FOR ADD IS ‘0010’ IN BINARY LANGUAGE, IT CAN BE DIRECTLY WRITTEN AS ‘ADD’ IN
ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE. SINCE ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE USES SYMBOLIC CODES ,IT IS EASIER TO WORK
WITH ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE IS ALSO MACHINE-DEPENDENT, AND PROGRAMING IN THIS LANGUAGE IS
QUITE TIME-CONSUMING. THUS, IT IS ALSO REGARDED AS A LOW-LEVEL LANGUAGE.
THIRD GENERATION COMPUTER
THE RESTRICTIONSIN THE USAGE OF MACHINE AND ASSEMBLY LANGUAGES PROMPTED PROGRAMERS
TO DEVELOP A LANGUAGE WITH THE FOLLOWING FEATURES:
SIMPLE AND USER-FRIENDLY LANGUAGE
MACHINE-INDIPENDENT LANGUAGE
OWING TO THE ABOVE-MENTIONED FEATURES, IT BECAME EASY TO LEARN AND USE DIFFERENT
COMPUTER LANGUAGES. A LARGE NUMBER OF PEOPLE OF STARTED WRITING COMPUTER PROGRAMS
USING THE THIRD GENERATION LANGUAGES. THESE ARE ALSO AS HIGH-LEVEL LANGUAGES. A HIGH-
LEVEL LANGUAGE IS QUITE SIMILAR TO THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. BASIC, C, C++, JAVA, ETC. , ARE
SOME OF THE VERY POPULAR EXAMPLES OF HIGH-LEVEL LANGUAGES.
FOURTH GENERATION COMPUTERS
FOURTH GENERATION COMPUTERS LANGUAGES ARE MORE ADVANCED THAN THE THIRD GENERATION
LANGUAGES. THEY ARE A COMBINATION OF MANY LANGUAGES WITH THE FOLLOWING FEATURES:
HIGHLY USER-FRIENDLY AND INDEPENDENT OF ANY OPERATING SYSTEM
VERY HIGH SPEED OF EXECUTION, DESIGN TO REDUCE THE LEVEL OF PROGRAMMING EFFORTS
MINIMUM EFFORTS FROM THE USER TO OBTAIN ANY INFORMATION
DESIGNED TO REDUCE THE TIME AND COST OF SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT
IN 4GL, THE USER HAVE SPECIFY ONLY THE REQUIRED OUTPUT THEY WANT, WHILE THE COMPUTER
DETERMINES THE SEQUENCE OF INSTRUCTIONS THAT WILL ACCOMPLISH THOSE RESULTS. FOURTH
GENERATION LANGUAGES INCLUDE PHP, RUBY, PYTHON, PERL AND SQL. THEY ARE COMMONLY USED TO
MANAGE DATABASE.
FIFTH GENERATION COMPUTERS
THE FIFTH GENERATION LANGUAGES, OR 5GL, CONSISTS OF VISUAL TOOLS TO DEVELOP A PROGRAM.
THESE LANGUAGES ARE USED TO DEVELOP PROGRAMS FOR THE FIELDS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
AND ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS. SOME EXAMPLES OF FIFTH GENERATION LANGUAGES ARE
MERCURY, OPS5, AND PROLOG.
SHORT FORMS OF THE FOLLOWING
LANGUAGES ARE AS FOLLOWS:

MACHINE
ASSEMBLY
HIGH-LEVEL
4GL
5GL/ARTIFICIAL INTELLEGENCE(AI)
THANK YOU
A PRESENTATION BY TEAM TYPES OF COMPUTERS:
NAVIKA MISHRA
NISHIT CHOUHAN
R.MRIDULA
RIKHIL KAPUR
RITHUNANANDAN PANICKER
RUTHUKRISHNA ARUN

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