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ICS LectureSlides Week 2 IntroToComputer, Number System

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3 views

ICS LectureSlides Week 2 IntroToComputer, Number System

Uploaded by

Al Nahian Abid
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Computer,

Number System
Course Code: CSC 1101 Course Title: Introduction to Computer Studies

Lecturer No: 3 Week No: 03 Semester: Fall 24-25


Faculty Fahim Faysal Sakib Email: [email protected]
Slide URL: https://tinyurl.com/9brd8avc
Lecture Outline

 List of topics,
 Introduction to Computer
 IT Essentials-Chapter 1
 Number System
 Course Adding/Dropping procedure
Specific Objectives

 Will have a discussion on,


 What is a Computer?
 How does Computer work?
 Familiarization with basic Input and Output Devices
 What is number system
 Conversion between various number system(any base
to any other base)
 Significance of Number system in computing
 Discussion about the procedure of course adding and
dropping
Introduction to Computer
What is a Computer?

A computer is an electronic device, operating under the control of


instructions stored in its own memory that can

 accept or receive data as input


 produce information as output [process the data according to
specified rules]
 store the information for further use and
 retrieve data whenever desired
Introduction to Computer
How computer does work?

Let’s consider this simple architecture to understand how computer works,


How computer does work?
Computer works by combining input, storage, processing, and
output. All the main parts of a computer system are involved in one
of these four processes.

 Input
Any information or data sent to a computer for processing is
considered as input.

 Memory/storage:
Storage is a process through which digital data is saved within a data
storage device by means of computing technology either
temporarily or permanently
How computer does work?
 Processing:
Known as the central processing unit(CPU) and brain of the
computer. It is responsible for all functions and processes and most
important element of a computer system. Main Parts of CPU are,
 Arithmetic Logic Unit(ALU)
 Control Unit(CU)

 Output:
Anything that comes out of a computer considered as output. it can
be meaningful information and may appear in a variety of forms –
 binary numbers
 Characters
 Pictures
 printed pages
I/O Devices
Input Device

Input device is a piece of computer hardware equipment to provide


data and control signals to an information processing system such as a
computer or other information appliance. Some of most common
input devices are-
 Keyboard
 Mouse (pointing device)
 Microphone
 Touch screen
 Scanner
 Webcam, etc.
I/O Devices
Output Device

An output device is a piece of computer hardware equipment used to-

 communicate the results of data processing


 converts the electronically generated information into human
readable form.

Some of common output devices are-


 Monitor
 Speaker
 Printer
 Projector
IT Essentials
Chapter-1

Chapter 1: Introduction to Personal Computer


Hardware

 We will find more details description in the CISCO modules which


are available on CISCO account.
Number System
What is number system?

 Number System is a technique which defines how to represent a


number in the computer system architecture.

 Defines how same number can be represented differently in different


number system using distinct symbols.
Number System
Types of number system?

 Two types number system we have

 Non-positional number systems


 Positional number systems
Types of Number System
Non-positional number systems

 Use symbols such as I for 1, II for 2, III for 3, IIII for 4, IIIII for 5, etc.

 The symbols are simply added to find out the value of a particular
number

 It is difficult to perform arithmetic operations with such a number


system [+, -, *, /].
Types of Number System
Positional number systems

 Use only a few symbols called digits

 The value of each digit is represented by:


1. The digit itself
2. The position of the digit in the number
3. The base of the number system

 The maximum value of a single digit is always equal to one less than
the value of the base
Types of Number System
Positional number systems

 Some examples of Positional Number System,

 Binary number system


 Octal number system
 Decimal number system
 Hexadecimal (hex) number system
Positional Number System
Decimal number systems

 A positional number system


 Has 10 symbols or digits (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,8, 9). Hence, its
base = 10
 The maximum value of a single digit is 9 (one less than the
value of the base)
 Each position of a digit represents a specific power of the base
(10)
 We use this number system in our day-to-day life
Positional Number System
Binary number systems

 A positional number system


 Has only 2 symbols or digits (0 and 1). Hence its base = 2
 The maximum value of a single digit is 1 (one less than the
value of the base)
 Each position of a digit represents a specific power of the
base (2)
 This number system is used in computers
Positional Number System
Octal number systems

 A positional number system


 Has total 8 symbols or digits (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7).Hence, its
base = 8
 The maximum value of a single digit is 7 (one less than the
value of the base
 Each position of a digit represents a specific power of the
base (8)
Positional Number System
Hexadecimal number systems

 A positional number system


 Has total 16 symbols or digits (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,8, 9, A, B, C,
D, E, F). Hence its base = 16
 The symbols A, B, C, D, E and F represent the decimal values
10, 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15 respectively
 The maximum value of a single digit is 15 (one less than the
value of the base)
Number System
Conversion

 Decimal to Binary
 Binary to Decimal
 Octal to Binary
 Binary to Octal
 Hexadecimal to Binary
 Binary to Hexadecimal
 Converting a number of any base to a number of another other
bases
Number System
Significance of Number System in Computing

 In order to understand the language used by computers and


other digital system it is crucial to have a better understanding
of number system.
Book

 Computer Fundamentals by Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha

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