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Samplingandsamplingdistributions

sampling and sampling distributions- ppt

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Maria Nova Ortiz
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49 views43 pages

Samplingandsamplingdistributions

sampling and sampling distributions- ppt

Uploaded by

Maria Nova Ortiz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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What is a sample?

Why study it?


SAMPLING
- the method of gathering
information about a population by
taking a representative of the
population called sample
Can the data gathered from the
sample be used to make
inferences about the population?
Statistically
speaking, yes.
However, every sample has a
different statistic. And this statistic
is also considered a random
variable because the data vary
from one sample to another.
SAMPLING AND SAMPLING
DISTRIBUTIONS
is used to formulate
SAMPLING SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION OF STATISTIC

is done to generate NORMAL


DISTRIBUTION
may
STATISTICS follow
is done using t DISTRIBUTION
to approximate
the methods
SIMPLE
RANDOM PARAMETERS
SAMPLING
SYSTEMATIC
SAMPLING
STRATIFIED
SAMPLING
CLUSTER
SAMPLING
SAMPLING
METHODS
1. Simple Random Sampling
2. Systematic Random
Sampling
3. Stratified Sampling
4. Cluster Sampling
SIMPLE RANDOM
SAMPLING
- involves selecting a sample size n
from a population of size N so that all
elements of the population have equal
chances of being part of the sample.
• lotteries
• tables of random numbers
• automatic random number
generator
SYSTEMATIC
RANDOM SAMPLING
- involves using a random start to
determine the first element of the
sample and the selection of the rest
of the sample is done
systematically,
i.e., every kth interval,
where k = N/n.
STRATIFIED
SAMPLING
- involves dividing the population
into groups called STRATA
according to some chosen
classification category such as
age, gender, geographic location,
and so on. Subsample from each
stratum are selected by simple
random sampling.
CLUSTER
SAMPLING
- the elements of the population
are divided into groups called
CLUSTERS. Clusters are naturally
occurring like barangays, cities, or
municipalities. Samples are
obtained from each cluster by
SRS.
SLOVIN’S FORMULA
- Used to calculate the sample size n given
the population size N and a margin of error e.
Slovin's formula is used when
nothing about the behavior of a
population is known at all.
EXERCISES
Determine the sampling
method to be used in each
scenario.
1. From a list containing the
names of 500 members of an
alumni association, a sample size
of 50 is obtained by including
every 10th person in the list in the
sample.
2. The students in a given school
are classified according to grade
level. Twenty students from each
group will be randomly chosen to
participate in a study involving
students’ study habits.
3. All the students who belong
to ten chosen sections in a
certain school will participate
in a study designed to improve
students’ critical thinking skills.
4. A researcher is interested in
studying the effects of diet on the
attention span of third-grade students
in a large city. There are 1,500 third-
graders attending the elementary
schools in the city. The researcher
selects 150 of these third-graders, 30
each in five different schools, as a
sample for study.
5. An administrator in a large urban high school
is interested in student opinions on a new
counseling program in the district. There are six
high schools and some 14,000 students in the
district. From a master list of all students
enrolled in the district schools, the
administrator selects a sample of 1,400
students (350 from each of the four grades, 9–
12) to whom he plans to mail a questionnaire
asking their opinion of the program.
6. The principal of an elementary school
wants to investigate the effectiveness of
a new U.S. history textbook used by some
of the teachers in the district. Out of a
total of 22 teachers who are using the
text, she selects a sample of 6. She plans
to compare the achievement of the
students in these teachers’ classes with
those of another 6 teachers who are not
using the text.
ACTIVITY
Using the members of your class as the
population, use AGE as the quantitative variable of
interest and obtain a sample size of 10 using the
four sampling techniques. Calculate the sample
mean age (statistics) of your data and compare it
with the population mean (parameter). Do this by
triads in a one whole piece of paper.
QUESTION: Which of the four
sampling techniques produced
statistics which is closest to
the population parameters?
farthest? What does this imply?

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