Functions

Topic: Definition of Function,

Domain/Range
 Relations
 What is a relationship?

 In math a relation is a connection

between a set of inputs and a set of
outputs
 Representations
(other than equations)
1) Ordered pairs:
(-3, -2), (5, 0), (0, 1), (-1, 4), (4, 5), (2, -
5)

2) Table:
x -3 -1 0 2 4 5
y -2 4 1 -5 5 0
 Representations
(other than equations)
3) Graph

(-3, -2)
(5, 0)
(0, 1)
(-1, 4)
(4, 5)
(2, -5)
 Representations
(other than equations)
4) Mapping (-3, -2), (5, 0), (0, 1), (-1,
4), (4, 5), (2, -5)

-3 -5
-1 -2
0 0
2 1
4 4
5 5
In order for a relationship to be a
function…
EVERY INPUT MUST HAVE AN OUTPUT
TWO DIFFERENT INPUTS CAN HAVE THE
SAME OUTPUT
ONE INPUT CAN HAVE ONLY
ONE OUTPUT
INPUT
(DOMAIN)
Functions
FUNCTION
MACHINE

OUTPUT (RANGE)
Types of Functions
 Definitions
Relation - Any set of
ordered pairs

Function -A type of
relation where there is
exactly one output for
every input. For every x
 Domain and Range
 Domain- All inputs
 Range- All outputs

(-3, -2), (5, 0), (0, 1), (-1, 4), (4, 5), (2, -
5)

Domain: -3, 5, 0, -1, 4, -5

Range: -5, -2, 0, 1, 4, 5
 Functions
A function is a relation in which
each element of the domain is
paired with exactly one element of
the range. Another way of saying
it is that there is one and only one
output (y) with each input (x).

x f(x) y
 A function is a set of ordered
pairs of numbers (x, y) such
that no x –values are repeated.
 What are the domain and

range of a function?
 The Domain is the set of all

possible x-values in a
function.
 The Range is the set of all

possible y-values in a
function.
 Definition Example
{(3, 6), (2, 8),
(5, 3)}
Doma All the x-
in coordinates in the { 3, 2,
function's 5}
ordered pairs
Range All the y- { 6, 8,
coordinates in the 3}
function's
ordered pairs
 Function
 A function is a special kind of relation
where every input goes to exactly one
output
 It’s PREDICTABLE!

*Can be written using Function Notation:

 One-to-one

 Every input has a unique output

 Onto
• Every output has an input
Not a function: The
relationship from number to
letter is not a function because
the domain value 2 is mapped to
the range values A, B, and C.

Function: The relationship from

letter to number is a function
because each letter in the domain
is mapped to only one number in
the range.
Identify the Domain and Range. Then
tell if the relation is a function.

Input Output

-3 3

1 1

3 -2

4
Function?
Yes: each input is mappe
Domain = {-3, onto exactly one output

1,3,4}
Range = {3,1,-2}
 Identify the Domain and Range.
Then tell if the relation is a
function.
Input Output

-3 3

1 -2

4 1

Notice the set notation!!!

Domain = {-3, 1,4} Function?
Range = {3,-2,1,4} No: input 1 is mapped onto
Both -2 & 1
 x y x y
1 6 1 6
2 7 2 7
Not a Function Function
y = 2x
x-y chart mapping
xy input output
-2 -4 -2 -4
-1 -2
-1 -2 0 0
00 1 2
2 4
12 Function
Determine whether the equation is a function.

y x x y

x y input output x y input output

-2 2 -2 0 2 -2 0 -2
-1 1 -1 1 -1 -1
0 1 1 0
0 0 0 0
1 1
1 1 2 1 1 2
2 2
2 2 2 2
Function Not a Function
 Example
Which of the following relations are
functions?
R= {(9,10, (-5, -2), (2, -1), (3, -9)}
S= {(6, a), (8, f), (6, b), (-2, p)}
T= {(z, 7), (y, -5), (r, 7) (z, 0), (k, 0)}

No two ordered pairs can have

the same first coordinate
(and different second coordinates).
1. {(2,5) , (3,8) , (4,6) , (7, 20)}

2. {(1,4) , (1,5) , (2,3) , (9, 28)}

3. {(1,0) , (4,0) , (9,0) , (21, 0)}

Function Notation

y  f x 
Input
Output Name of
Function
Function notation replaces the independent
variable, y with either f(x), g(x), or h(x).

f(x) is read as “ ____ _____

f of x
_____”

Does not mean g _____

g(x) is read as “ ____ of _____”
x
multiplication!

h _____
h(x) is read as “ ____ of _____”
x
 Mapping Diagram

Domain Range
A
2 B
C

Set of Ordered Pairs

{(2, A), (2, B), (2, C)}

(x, y) (input, output) (domain, range)

Example 1: Identifying Domain and
Range

Give the domain and range for this relation:

{(100,5), (120,5), (140,6), (160,6), (180,12)}.

List the set of ordered pairs:

{(100, 5), (120, 5), (140, 6), (160, 6), (180, 12)}
Domain: {100, 120, 140, 160, 180} The set of x-coordinates.

Range: {5, 6, 12} The set of y-coordinates.

 Example

Give the domain and range for the relation

shown in the graph.
List the set of ordered pairs:
{(–2, 2), (–1, 1), (0, 0),
(1, –1), (2, –2), (3, –3)}

Domain: {–2, –1, 0, 1, 2, 3} The set of x-coordinates.

Range: {–3, –2, –1, 0, 1, 2} The set of y-coordinates.

 Vertical Line Test

If any vertical line passes

through more than one point of
the graph, then that relation is
not a function.
Are these functions?

NOPE!
FUNCTION! FUNCTION!
(NOT A FUNCTION)
 Vertical Line Test

FUNCTION!
NO!

NO WAY!
FUNCTION!
 Vertical Line Test

y y y y

x x x x

Function

y y y y

x x x x
 Vertical Line Test

y y y y

x x x x

Function Function

y y y y

x x x x
 Vertical Line Test

y y y y

x x x x

Function Function Not a

Function
y y y y

x x x x
 Vertical Line Test

y y y y

x x x x

Function Function Not a Function

Function
y y y y

x x x x
 Vertical Line Test

y y y y

x x x x

Function Function Not a Function

Function
y y y y

x x x x

Not a Function Not a Not a

Function Function Function
l whether the relation below is a function
1) input output 3) y
0
1 x
Not a
5 Function
2 Function
3
2) x y 4) input output
-2 3
-3 -1
4
-3 0 Not a -1 Not a
Function 5
-3 1 0 Function
6
-3 2
Quiz
Quiz
A ________
relation is a set of __________________.
ordered pairs

The ________
domain is the ______
set of ________
first numbers
in a relation.

The ________
range is the ______
set of ________
second numbers
in a relation.
A ___________ is a relation in which no number in
function
the
domain repeated
_________ is __________.

Functions can be represented five different ways:

mapping
1. ______________

graph
2. ______________

3. ______________
table

4.Set of ordered pairs

______________

equation
5. ______________
Interval notation
Sometimes you will be
asked to determine a
REASONABLE domain or
range
The average daily high temperature for
the month of May is represented by
the function
t = 0.2n + 80
Where n is the date of the month. May
has 31 days. What is a reasonable
estimate of the domain?
Answer: 1 ≤ n ≤ 31
What is a reasonable estimate of the
range
Answer: See next slide
 Our function rule is:
t = 0.2n + 80

Our domain is 1 ≤ n ≤ 31
Our smallest possible n is 1
Our largest possible n is 31

To find the range, substitute 1 into

the equation and solve. Then
substitute 31 into the equation and
solve.
 Our function rule is:
t = 0.2n + 80
Substitute a Substitute
1 a 31
t = 0.2n +
80 t = 0.2n +
t = 0.2(1) + 80
80
t = 0.2(31)
t = 0.2 + 80
+ 80
t = 80.2
t = 6.2 +
Reasonable range80is 80.2 ≤ t
Example: Joe has an afterschool job at the
local sporting goods store. He makes $6.50
an hour. He never works more than 20
hours in a week. The equation s(h)=6.5h can
be used to model this situation. What is the
domain for the equation s(h)? What is the
range for the equation s(h)?
 Given f(x) = 3x + 2, 2

find:
1) f(1)= 5

1 3(1) +2
2
5
2) f(-2)= 14

-2 3(-2)2+2 14
 INVERSE
FUNCTIONS
Quiz