Computers in

Our Daily Life

 Objectives
Familiarize themselves with the computer number
systems
Discuss the rule of the ASCII code in computer
systems and explain how computers use it
Examine how computer’s system bus works
Identify the different computer network systems
and the wired and wireless connections
Distinguish between system software and
application software
01
How
Computers
Work
 The parts of a computer are
the central processing unit (CPU),
memory, a keyboard or other input
device, and a screen or other output
device.

• How does a computer add or

subtract?
• Meet
How us can its memory remember
the answers it computes?
 The computer can
understand machine language.
When a person types on the
computer’s keyboard, the human
brain identifies the letters,
numbers, and characters combined
to create words and sentences. But
the computer does not recognize
letters as letters of the alphabet; it
sees the letters as a series of 0’s
and 1’s called the binary
language.
 Computer Number
Systemuse the decimal number
● Humans
system
To count, measure, and
compute.
● A computer, on the other hand,
can only understand two digits –
0 and 1.
This type of number system is
called the binary number
system, with the prefix bi,
 The decimal number system has
ten
● such as 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, digits
and 9.

Let’s try to convert the number 10 into binary number system

NOTE:
Step 1: Divide the whole number by 2. 0 = off numbers
To check: (Cancel)
10/2 = 5 R = 0 1 = On numbers
𝟑 𝟐 𝟏 𝟎
5/2 = 2 R = 1 Binary: 1010
𝟐𝟐
𝟐1𝟐0 1 0
2/2 = 1 R = 0 =+
1/2 = 0 R = 1 =8+2
= 10
 Convert the number 25 into binary
25/2 = 12 R=1 number system NOTE:
To check: 0 = off numbers
12/2 = 6 R=0
(Cancel)
Binary: 11001 𝟒 𝟑 𝟐 𝟏 𝟎 1 = On numbers
6/2 = 3 R=0 𝟐1𝟐1
𝟐𝟐 𝟐
0 0 1
3/2 = 1 R=1
=+ +
1/2 = 0 R=1 = 16 + 8 + 1
= 25
There are other types of number systems, such as
the octal number system and hexadecimal
number
 OCTAL NUMBER SYSTEM system.
Let’s try to convert the number 10 into octal number system
Step 1: Use the binary numbers
10 = 1010
Step 2: Group the binary numbers into 3
𝟐 𝟏 𝟎 𝟐 𝟏 𝟎 NOTE:
To check:
𝟐𝟐 𝟐𝟐𝟐 𝟐
1 0 100 1 1 0
0 0 = off numbers 0
1 2 = 1 (8 ) + 2(8 )
(Cancel)
1 = On numbers
= 1(8) + 2 (1)
=
=1 2 =8+2
Octal number of 10 is 12 = 10
 Convert the number 25 into octal
number
Step 1: Use the binary numbers system
25 = 11001
Step 2: Group the binary numbers into 3
𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 To check:
𝟐 𝟐
𝟐
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐𝟐𝟎
𝟎 NOTE:
0 1 1 0 0 1 0 = off numbers 1 0 1 0
(Cancel) 3 1 = 3(8 ) + 1(8 )
= 1 = On numbers
= 3(8) + 1 (1)
=2+1 1
= 24 + 1
=3 1
= 25
Octal number of 25 is 31
 Hexadecimal number system
Let’s try to convert the number 10 into Hexadecimal number
system
Step 1: Use the binary numbers
10 = 1010
Step 2: Group the binary
𝟑 𝟐 𝟏 𝟎 NOTE: numbers into 4
𝟐𝟐𝟐 𝟐 0 = off numbers
(Cancel)
1 0 1 =1 0
On numbers

=
=8 +2
= 10
Hexadecimal number
= A of 10 is A
 Hexadecimal number system.
Let’s try to convert the number 25 into Hexadecimal number
system
Step 1: Use the binary numbers
25 = 11001
Step NOTE:
2: Group the binary numbers into 4
𝟑 𝟐 𝟏 𝟎 𝟑 𝟐 𝟏 𝟎 0 = off numbers
𝟐0
0 𝟐𝟐0 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 𝟐 (Cancel)
1 1 01 = On0numbers 1

= +
=1 8 +1
=1 9
Hexadecimal
=1 number of925 is 19
 Computer Number System
● There are other
types of number
systems, such as
the octal number
system and
hexadecimal
number system.
 Quiz:

Direction: Convert the following numbers to its

corresponding base.

1) = = =
2) = = =
3) = = =
 1.) Convert the number 13 into
13/2 = 6 R =binary
1 number system NOTE:
To check: 0 = off numbers
6/2 = 3 R=0
(Cancel)
Binary: 1101 𝟑 𝟐 𝟏 𝟎 1 = On numbers
3/2 = 1 R=1 𝟐1𝟐𝟐 𝟐
1 0 1
1/2 = 0 R=1
=+ +
= 8+ 4 + 1
= 13
 1.) Convert the number 13 into octal
number
Step 1: Use the binary numbers system
13 = 1101
Step 2: Group the binary numbers into 3
𝟐 𝟐
𝟏 𝟎
𝟐 𝟏 𝟎 To check:
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐𝟐 NOTE:
0 0 1 1 0 1 0 = off numbers 1 0 1 0
(Cancel) 1 5 = 1(8 ) + 5(8 )
= + 1 = On numbers
= 1(8) + 5 (1)
=1 4+1
=8+5
=1 5
= 13
Octal number of 13 is 15
 1.) Convert the number 13 into Hexadecimal
number system
Step 1: Use the binary numbers
13 = 1101
Step 2: Group the binary numbers into 4
NOTE:
𝟑 𝟐 𝟏 𝟎
𝟐𝟐 𝟐1𝟐 0 = off numbers
1 (Cancel)
0 1
1 = On numbers

= +
=8 + 4 +1
= 13
=D
Hexadecimal number of 13 is D
2.) Convert the number 35 into binary
35/2 = 17 R=1 number system NOTE:
0 = off numbers
17/2 = 8 R=1 To check: (Cancel)
Binary: 100011 𝟓 𝟒 𝟑 𝟐 𝟏 𝟎 1 = On numbers
8/2 = 4 R=0 𝟐1𝟐 0𝟐 𝟐𝟐𝟐
0 0 1 1
4/2 = 2 R=0
=+ +
2/2 = 1 R=0 = 32 + 2 + 1
1/2 = 0 R=1 = 35
 2.) Convert the number 35 into octal
number
Step 1: Use the binary numbers system
35 = 100011
Step 2: Group the binary numbers into 3
𝟏 𝟎 𝟐 𝟏 𝟎 To check:
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝟐 NOTE:
1 0 0 0 1 1 0 = off numbers 1 0 1 0
(Cancel) 4 3 = 4(8 ) + 3(8 )
= + 1 = On numbers
= 4(8) + 3 (1)
=4 2+1
= 32 + 3
=4 3
= 35
Octal number of 35 is 43
 2.) Convert the number 35 into Hexadecimal
number system
Step 1: Use the binary numbers
35 = 100011
Step 2: Group the binary numbers into 4
NOTE:
𝟑 𝟐 𝟏 𝟎 𝟑 𝟐 𝟏 𝟎 0 = off numbers
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
0 0 1 𝟐 𝟐
0 𝟐0𝟐𝟐 0 1(Cancel)
1
1 = On numbers
=

=2 2+ 1
=2 3
=2 3
Hexadecimal number of 35 is 23
3.) Convert the number 215 into binary
215/2 =107 R = 1 number system NOTE:
0 = off numbers
107/2 = 53 R=1 To check: (Cancel)
Binary: 11010111 𝟕 𝟔 𝟓 𝟒 1 = On numbers
53/2 = 26 R=1 𝟐 𝟐1 𝟐𝟐 𝟐
𝟑 𝟐
𝟐𝟐
𝟎𝟏
𝟐
1 0 1 0 1 1 1
26/2 = 13 R=0
=
13/2 = 6 R=1 = 128 + 64 + 16 + 4 + 2
1= 3
+6/2 R=0
3/2 = 1 R=1 = 215
1/2 = 0 R=1
02
How Computers
Communicate
with One
Another
Notice how the computer uses
different ways to connect to
certain devices. The computer
monitor uses a wire to connect
to the computer unit while the
mouse wirelessly connects to
the laptop, etc. Depending on
the situation, computers use
different connection methods
to do their task.
System Bus
Is a pathway composed of
cables and connectors used to
carry data from a computer’s
peripheral devices (monitor,
keyboard, mouse, etc.) to the
CPU and the main memory.
There are three types of
buses:
1. Data Bus
2. Address Bus
3. Control Bus
 TYPES OF
BUSES
1. Data Bus
A data bus can transfer data to and
from the memory of a computer, or
into or out of the CPU.

Example:
● Pieces of information that traverse
the data bus include files
transferred from a flash drive to
the computer’s hard drive.
● A document sent to the printer for
printing.
 TYPES OF
BUSES
2. Address Bus
● The address bus is used by the CPU to
specify a physical address for
instructions, files, and other devices
within the computer system.
Example:
In a given computer unit, there are typically
6 to 8 USB ports.

 The address bus is responsible for

checking which of the USB port has a
printer connected to it, along with the
mouse, keyboard, speakers, and
sometimes, external drives.
 TYPES OF
BUSES
3. Control Bus
● A control bus is used by CPUs to
communicate with other devices within the
computer system.
● It also sends status signals from the
devices, identifying if it is ready or not.
Example:
If one tries to save a file to a flash drive that
is already removed from the computer, the
computer will notify the user with an error
message saying that the folder or drive where
the file is intended to be saved is no longer
existing.
03
How Computers
Connect to
Other
Computers
 Computer Network
Systems are
Computers able to
communicate with one another
over networks.
 A Computer Network is
an interconnection of two
or more computers.
 This interconnection gives
these computers the
capability to share
information and
resources.
TYPES OF NETWORKS

1. Personal Area Network

(PAN)
 Is a type of connection
which is often limited to an
individual person and his or
her personal devices.
 These devices must be
within the range of 10
meters with each other.
TYPES OF NETWORKS

2. Local Area Network (LAN)

 Is a connection in which a
group of computers and other
devices, such as network
printers, share a common
communications line within a
certain area such as building
or a small campus.
 LANs are often found in
schools and offices to secure
the organization’s
information.
TYPES OF NETWORKS

3. Wide Area Network

(WAN)
 May be less restrictive
than LAN as rules and
policies may be differ
within its coverage.
Methods of
Communication
There are many different types of
connection media that are used in contemporary
society to connect computer networks to one
another.

Categorized generally into two:

1. Wired communication
2. Wireless communication
1. Wired
communication
Computer system have different connections which usually
depend on the motherboard’s form factor.
Example:
USB FireWire Ethernet HDMI
cable
2. Wireless
communication
• Wireless communications include microwave transmission,
satellite communication, cellular transmission, and radio
transmission such as WiFi connectivity.
• Wireless technology differ hugely from one another, but the
most popular types are Bluetooth and WiFi.
04
How Humans
Communicate
with Computers
 Reading a long string of 0’s and 1’s
can be very confusing and taxing. As such,
people who invented the computer
identified two areas in computer systems-
computer hardware and computer
software. Through computer software,
humans are able to “communicate” with
the computer.
 Computer
• Is a combination of instructions,
Software
data, and programs that the
Most common type of programming
computer needs in order to do a
language used by programmers is
specific task. Object-oriented programming.
• Everything the computer does can Example:
basically be controlled through • Microsoft’s C#
these programs. • Sun Microsystem’s Java
• Programs – are a set of • Open-source programming
codes/instructions which are language
• PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor
usually designed or written
by computer programmers
using a specific programming
language.
Computer Software
2 Types of Computer Software
● Application Software ● System Software/Operating
Most of the day-to-day System (OS)
tasks done in front of a Is the most important software
computer involve the use running on a computer since it
of application programs. manages the computer’s
Example: memory and instructions and has
MS Office the ability to control all the
Adobe Photoshop connected hardware and
Google Chrome installed software applications.
Examples:
Microsoft Windows
Linux
Android
macOS
 System
Platforms
• Desktop System differ from
mobile systems in terms of how
each platforms treats the
application software installed in
the system.
• A desktop/laptop computer
usually needs an application
program to run a certain
application on it, or possibly,
multiple ones at the same time.
Example:
Web browser capable of running
multiple web sites with different
“applications” all at the same
System
Platforms
• With today’s trend leaning
towards mobility, more and more
mobile devices are now capable
of doing things which typical
desktop computers can do.
• Using a smartphone in
accessing the same websites is a
different experience.
o Instead of using a web
browser to access all three
websites, mobile
applications are used.
Online Applications Software
• Is now introduced with the improved
internet speed being made available
to consumers.
• Office productivity tools such as
Microsoft Office Suite were only
available offline, but now, Microsoft
has developed Microsoft Office 365
which has been made available to
students and teachers for free via
their Office 365 Education.
• Google introduced its online
applications capable of doing the
same thing as Microsoft’s Office Suite.
o Example: Google Docs, Google
Sheets, and Google slides
 Online Applications
• Software
Other online productivity tools are
also available for organizations,
such as data collection and
analysis, especially for those in
the marketing industry.
• PCMag.com has listed down
available online survey engines
for 2017 and analyzed the top
contenders:
 Zoho survey
 Survey Gizmo
 Campaign Monitor
GetFeedback
 Checkbox Survey
 Fluid Surveys
 Online Applications
•Software
Tomsguide.com has also listed down
several popular applications
available in the App Store and
Google Play that can increase
productivity, improve efficiency, and
provide convenience.
1. Any.do
2. Microsoft Office Word, Excel,
and Powerpoint
3. WPS Office
4. Adobe Acrobat Reader
5. Microsoft Outlook
6. Newton Mail
7. Forge
 Online Applications
•Software
Lastly, people who have no IT
background can now create their
own blogs and websites through
online tools which provide web
hosting and web content
management.
Example:
Wix.com
WordPress.com
 Reference
Tayuan, R., &Eleazar M. (2019). Living in the
Information Technology Era. C & E Publishing,
Inc.