Bio Pesticides

BIOPESTICIDE
S
1. Define
2. Classification of biopesticide
a) Microbial biopesticides
CONTENT b) Botanical biopesticides
c) Biochemical biopesticides
d) PIPs
3. Conclusion
• The term
biopesticides
defines compounds
that are used to
manage agricultural
DEFINE
pests by means of
specific biological
effects rather than
as broader chemical
pesticides.
C L A SS I F I C AT I O N O F
BIOPESTICIDES
Biopesticides
1) Microbial 2) Botanical 3) Biochemical 4) PIPs
biopesticide biopesticide semichemical

biopesticide
Microbial
biopesticide
Bacteria
based
Protozoa Fungi
based based
Nemato
Virus
de
based
based
BACTERIA
BASED
1) Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)
• Discovered in Japan in early 20th century and first a commercial

product in France 1938.
• Control lepidopterous pest like American bollworm in cotton and
stem borers in rice.
• Bt has developed many molecule mechanism to produce pesticidal
toxins i.e. Cry and VIP; most of toxins are coded for several cry
genes.
• When ingested by pest larvae, Bt release toxins which damage the
mid gut of the pest, eventually killing it.
2) Bacillus popilliae
A naturally occurring bacterium that is used for control of white grub.

• Cause ‘milky spore disease’ in larvae of the grub or beetle.
• Bacillus popilliae was the first insect pathogen to be registered in
the U.S. As microbial control agent.
1) Bacillus 2) Bacillus popilliae
thuringiensis
FUNGI
BASED
Fungi name Host range Habitat Insect host
Whiteflies, beetles
Beauveria bassiana Beetles & Fire ants Foliage & soil
& caterpillar
Metarhizium Beetles & other soft Frog hopper,

Foliage & soil
anisopliae body insects beetles
Aphid, whiteflies &

Vericillium lecanii Aphid & whitefly Greenhouse foliage
scales
Soybean leaf eating

Nomuraea rileyi - -
caterpillar
Hirsutella
Citrus rust mite - -
thompsonii
VIRUS
BASED
• The most important group of viruses used for biocontrol belongs to
the highly host-specific family of Baculoviridae, which are pathogenic
for invertebrates.
• Based on the morphology of their occlusion bodies(OBs), they can be
distinguished between nucleopolyhedroviruses(NPVs) and
granuloviruses(GVs).
• The OBs are composed of a crystalline protein Matrix, mainly
consisting of a single protein,
Polyhedrosis virus the so-called ‘polyhedrin’ in virus
Granuloisis NPVs and
‘granulin’ in GVs.
1. Many virus particles are 1. Where only one virus is
embedded in each protein contained in each protein
crystal. crystal.
2. When they occur in host cell 2. When they occur in host cell
nucleus, they are called nucleus, they are called
Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus. Nuclear GranuloisisVirus.
3. When they occur in host 3. When they occur in host
cytoplasm, they are called cytoplasm, they are called
Cytoplasmic Polyhedrosis Cytoplasmic Granuloisis Virus.
Virus.
The viral DNA replicates in the nuclei of the host cells and
then spreads throughout the body of the larvae, turning it into “VIRUS
FACTORY”.
PROTOZOA
BASED
• Single – celled eukaryotic organisms that exist in both water
and soil.
• The protozan Nosema locustae is known to be a natural
biocontrol agent many grasshopper species.
• Nosema infects at least 90 species of grasshoppers.
• It is non-toxic to humans and other mammals.
N E M AT O D E
BASED
• ENPs are insect-specific parasite in the genera Steinernema
and Heterorhabditis.
• They are obligatory associated with symbiotic bacteria which
are responsible for rapidly killing host insects.
• After entering a host insects,the infective juvenile(IJ) stage
of EPNs releases its symbiotic bacteria.
• In addition to killing the host, the bacteria digest host tissue,
and produce antibiotics to protect the host cadaver from
saprophytes and scavenger.
Botanical
biopesticide
• Several plant based insecticides as nicotinoids, natural
pyrethrins, rotenoids, neem products etc are used.
• They are generally acting in one of two ways 1) Contact
poison and 2) Stomach poison.
• There are about 25,000 plants species evaluated among
which, 2500 found useful for pest management and around
1005 exhibited insecticidal activity including 384 anti-
feedants, 297 repellents, 27 attractants and 31possess
growth inhibiting properties.
• “Azardirachtin” affects the reproductive and digestive
process of pest.
• Neem products (Neem Seed Kernel Extract: NSKE) are
effective against more than 350 species of arthropods, 12
species of nematodes, 15 species of fungi, three viruses, two
species of snails and one crustacean species.
Active ingredient
Name of plant Plant part used
used
Neem Oil & leaves Azadirachtin
Castor Oil & leaves Ricin
Oleic acid, α asarone,

Onion Bulb
β asarone
Custard apple Leaves & bark Annonin, squamocin

Plant product
Target pests
used
Limonene & Fleas, aphids & mites, also kill fire ants, several types of
Linalool flies, paper wasps & house crickets
Neem A variety of sucking & chewing insect
Pyrethin Ants, aphids, roaches, fleas, flies, & ticks
Leaf feeding insect(aphids), certain beetles(asparagus

beetle, bean leaf beetle, Colorado potato beetle, cucumber
Rotenone
beetle, flea beetle, strawberry leaf beetle, & others) &
caterpillars, as well as fleas & lice on animals
Ryania Caterpillar (European corn borer, corn earworm) & thrips
Squash bugs, harlequin bugs, thrips, caterpillars, leaf

Sabadilla
hoppers, &stink bugs
Biochemical/
Semiochemic
al
biopesticide
The Chemical Message that trigger various behavioral
responses are collectively referred as semiochemicals.
Pheromones
A chemical used communicates between individual of the same
spp.
• Insect sex pheromones, which interfere with mating, as well

as various scented plant extract that attract insect pests to
traps.
• Man-made pheromones are used to disrupt insect mating by
creating confusion during the search for mates or can be
used to attract male insects to traps.
• Pheromones are chemicals emitted by living organisms used
to send message to individuals usually of the opposite sex of
the same species.
Insect growth regulators
An insect growth regulators (IGR) is a substance (chemical)
that inhibits the life cycle of an insect.
Insect growth regulators :Two main group..
CSI
• Acyl urea group used for control of foliage feeders
and tissue borers.
• Diflubenzuron used against several pests of cotton.
JHA
• five different formulations of methoprene are available
commercial for the control mosquitoes, flies,beetle ants and
fleas.
• another , JHA , fenoxycarb , used for control of several fruit
pests.
• pyriproxyfen effective against sucking pests.
• Diofenolan for control of scale insects and lepidopteran pests.
PIP
s
• PIPs are pesticidal substances that plants produce from
genetic material that has been added to the plant.
• For ex : the gene for the bt pesticidal protein and introduce
the gene into the plants own genetic material.
• Then the plant , instead of the Bt bacterium , manufactures
the substances that destroys the plant.
• The production of TP that express δ-endotoxins from the soil
Bacterium Bacillus Thuringiensis were 1st commercialized in
the US in 1996.
• Numerous strains of Bt, each with Cry proteins..More than
375 Cry protein have been identified.
1. Bt maize has Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, Cry9C protein against the
European corn borer
2. Cotton expressing Cry1Ac protein against the cotton
bollworm
3. Potato expressing Cry3A or Cry3C against the Colorado
potato beetle
SUBMITTED
TO M M Saiyad
PRESENTED
BY Namrata
Khyati
Priyal
Vaishali
Khushi
Isha
Unnati

Bio Pesticides

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BIOPESTICIDE

CONTENT b) Botanical biopesticides

1) Microbial 2) Botanical 3) Biochemical 4) PIPs

biopesticide biopesticide semichemical

• Discovered in Japan in early 20th century and first a commercial

A naturally occurring bacterium that is used for control of white grub.

Metarhizium Beetles & other soft Frog hopper,

Aphid, whiteflies &

Soybean leaf eating

Neem Oil & leaves Azadirachtin

Castor Oil & leaves Ricin

Oleic acid, α asarone,

Custard apple Leaves & bark Annonin, squamocin

Neem A variety of sucking & chewing insect

Pyrethin Ants, aphids, roaches, fleas, flies, & ticks

Leaf feeding insect(aphids), certain beetles(asparagus

Ryania Caterpillar (European corn borer, corn earworm) & thrips

Squash bugs, harlequin bugs, thrips, caterpillars, leaf

• Insect sex pheromones, which interfere with mating, as well

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