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TT 8

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Himanshu Choudhary
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4 views39 pages

TT 8

Uploaded by

Himanshu Choudhary
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Class-8

Show that if every frequency component of a signal f(t)


is shifted by π/2, the resultant signal is Hilbert transform
fh(t) of f(t)
• The situation may be regarded as though the signal f(t) is
passed through a phase shifting system H(w) and the output
is fh(t)
Characteristics of the phase shifting system
are specified as follows:
Magnitude of the frequency components present in f(t)
remains unchanged when it is passed though the system
i.e H(w)=1
The phase of the +ve frequency component is shifted by
–π/2. since the phase spectrum θ(w) shifted has an odd
symmetry, the phase spectrum of the –ve frequency
components is shifted by + π/2.
The response Fh(w) of the system is related to input F(w) as

Inverse Fourier Transform


Impulse response of Hilbert
transform
Short Time Fourier Analysis

 In order to analyze small section of a


signal, Denis Gabor (1946), developed
a technique, based on the FT and
using windowing : STFT
STFT (or: Gabor Transform)
 A compromise between time-based and
frequency-based views of a signal.
 both time and frequency are represented in
limited precision.
 The precision is determined by the size of
the window.
 Once you choose a particular size for the
time window - it will be the same for all
frequencies.
STFT - revisited
• Time - Frequency localization depends on window size.
• Wide window  good frequency localization, poor time localization.

• Narrow window  good time localization, poor frequency localization.


Inverse STFT
Since X[n,λ) is the discrete time Fourier transform of
x[n+m]w[m], the time dependent Fourier transform is
invertible if the window has at least one non-zero
sample.

From which it follows that

If all of the samples that are multiplied by non-zero


samples of the window can be recovered
Properties:
o Linearity

o Shifting

o Modulation

o Conjugate symmetry
Applications:
o Sampling in time and frequency
o Block convolution
o Fourier analysis of non-stationary signals
o Time dependent Fourier analysis of speech signals, radar signals etc.,

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