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9 - TCP

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21 views16 pages

9 - TCP

Uploaded by

rodrigo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TCP

1
10BASE-T RJ45

2
POE RJ45

3
Manchester coding
Voltage levels ±0.85V

4
MII and RMII
PIC32CK SG01/SG00/GC01/GC00 Family
Ethernet Media Access Controller (ETH)

5
MII and RMII

6
IP format

The Preamble - This consists of seven bytes, all of the form "10101010". This

allows the receiver's clock to be synchronised with the sender's.



The Start Frame Delimiter - This is a single byte ("10101011") which is used to
indicate the start of a frame.

The Destination Address - This is the address of the intended recipient of the
frame. The addresses in 802.3 use globally unique hardwired 48 bit addresses.

The Source Address - This is the address of the source, in the same form as

7
above.
IP format

The Length - This is the length of the data in the Ethernet frame, which can be

anything from 0 to 1500 bytes.

Data - This is the information being sent by the frame.



Pad - 802.3 frame must be at least 64 bytes long, so if the data is shorter than 46
bytes, the pad field must compensate. The reason for the minimum length lies with
the collision detection mechanism. In CSMA/CD the sender must wait at least two
times the maximum propagation delay before it knows that no collision has
occurred. If a station sends a very short message, then it might release the ether
without knowing that the frame has been corrupted. 802.3 sets an upper limit on the
propagation delay, and the minimum frame size is set at the amount of data which
can be sent in twice this figure.

Checksum - This is used for error detection and recovery.



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IP address
5.1.1 IP Address
IP defines an addressing scheme that is independent of the underlying physical address (e.g, 48-bit
MAC address). IP specifies a unique 32-bit number for each host on a network. This number is
known as the Internet Protocol Address, the IP Address or the Internet Address. These terms are
interchangeable. Each packet sent across the internet contains the IP address of the source of the
packet and the IP address of its destination.
For routing efficiency, the IP address is considered in two parts: the prefix which identifies the
physical network, and the suffix which identifies a computer on the network. A unique prefix is
needed for each network in an internet. For the global Internet, network numbers are obtained from
Internet Service Providers (ISPs). .1.2 IP Address Classes
The first four bits of an IP address determine the class of the network. The class specifies how
many of the remaining bits belong to the prefix (aka Network ID) and to the suffix (aka Host ID). The
first three classes, A, B and C, are the primary network classes.

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IP address
Clas Dirección IP (R=Red - H=Host) Rango N° de N° de Máscara de Broadcast
e Redes Host Red

A 0RRRRRRR.HHHHHHHH.HHHHHHHH.HHHHHH 1.0.0.0 - 126 16.777.21 255.0.0.0 x.255.255.255


HH 127.255.255.255 4

B 10RRRRRR.RRRRRRRR.HHHHHHHH.HHHHHH 128.0.0.0 - 16.384 65.534 255.255.0.0 x.x.255.255


HH 191.255.255.255

C 110RRRRR.RRRRRRRR.RRRRRRRR.HHHHHH 192.0.0.0 - 2.097.152 254 255.255.255. x.x.x.255


HH 223.255.255.255 0

D 1110[ Dirección de multicast ] 224.0.0.0 -


239.255.255.255

E 1111[Reservado para uso futuro] 240.0.0.0 -


255.255.255.255

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IP address
Netmasks
Netmasks are used to identify which part of the address is the Network ID and which
part is the Host ID. This is done by a logical bitwise-AND of the IP address and the
netmask. For class A networks the netmask is always 255.0.0.0; for class B
networks it is 255.255.0.0 and for class C networks the netmask is 255.255.255.0.

Gateway
On an IP network, clients should automatically send IP packets with a destination
outside a given subnet mask to a network gateway. A subnet mask defines the IP
range of a private network. For example, if a private network has a base IP
address of 192.168.0.0 and has a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0, then any data
going to an IP address outside of 192.168.0.X will be sent to that network's
gateway.

ARP (https://youtu.be/mnfkwe6ri_E)
The Address Resolution Protocol is used to translate virtual addresses to physical
ones. The network hardware does not understand the software-maintained IP
addresses. IP uses ARP to translate the 32-bit IP address to a physical address
that matches the addressing scheme of the underlying hardware (for Ethernet, the
11
48-bit MAC address).
IP address
Static IP addresses are manually assigned to a computer by an administrator

Dynamic IP addresses, which are assigned either by the computer interface or host
software itself, or assigned by a server using Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
(DHCP)

Some infrastructure situations have to use static addressing, such as when finding the
Domain Name System (DNS) host that will translate domain names to IP
addresses. Static addresses are also convenient, but not absolutely necessary, to
locate servers inside an enterprise

¿IP for www.google.com?

12
IP header

13
UDP header

14
TCP

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TCP

5.4.2.1 TCP Connection/Socket


A TCP connection is done with a 3-way handshake between a client and a server. The
following is a simplified explanation of this process.
The client asks for a connection by sending a TCP segment with the SYN control bit
set.
The server responds with its own SYN segment that includes identifying information
that was sent by the client in the initial SYN segment.
The client acknowledges the server's SYN segment.
The connection is then established and is uniquely identified by a 4-tuple called a
socket or socket pair:
(destination IP address, destination port number)
(source IP address, source port number)
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