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Module 2

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Sebunya Ronaldo
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13 views15 pages

Module 2

Uploaded by

Sebunya Ronaldo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Micro-controllers &

Microprocessors
Microprocessor vs
Microcontroller
• A microprocessor is a CPU on a chip that interfaces with memory and
other peripherals through an external bus
• A microcontroller contains a CPU, memory and I/O interface
connected by an internal bus on a single chip.
Von-neuman Architecture
• Instructions and data stored in shared memory with a common
address and data bus used for both
Havard Architecture
• Instructions and Data reside in different memory space with separate
address and data buses
AVR
• Modification of Havard architecture with enhanced memory
seperation and access
Memory
• Volatile
• RAM
• Registors
• Non-volatile
• ROM
• FLASH
Bare Metal
• Code is writen to directly interact with the hardware.
• The program runs inside an infinite loop
RTOS based embedded systems
• A Real Time Operating System sits between the user program and the
underlying hardware.
• Defers from usual operating systems in the sense that its response time to
external events is determnistic
Architecture overview

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC


This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-ND
RISC vs CISC
• Reduced Instruction Set Computers: use of simple operations that can
be executed in a single clock cycle
• Complex Instruction Set Computers: aimed at minimising number of
instructions used per program. Uses complex instructions that
incoporate various operations in a single instruction at the expense of
clock cycles. An instruction might take several cycles to execute

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