Literature

__T_RA__R_
PR__SE PO__T_R_
Exploring
Philippine
Literary Forms,
Genres,
Elements, and
OBJECTIVES:
By the end of the lesson, students will be able to:
a. Define literature;
b. Distinguish between the two major
types of literature using a graphic
organizer; and
c. Recognize the importance of literary
works in our everyday lives.
ACTIVITY
GROUP 1&3:
EXPLORING POETIC DEVICES
Task: Identify and discuss the poetic

devices used in the poem.
To identify poetic devices, follow these steps:
1. Read Carefully: Read the poem multiple times to grasp its overall meaning and
structure.
2. Highlight and Note: Mark words, phrases, or lines that stand out due to their
sound, imagery, or unusual use.
3. Look for Patterns: Identify recurring themes, sounds, or structures that might
suggest specific devices.
4. Analyze: Break down the poem to see how these elements contribute to its
meaning or emotional impact.
Analyzing Prose Structure
GROUP 2&4:
Task: Identify the elements of

plot, setting, and characters.
LITERATURE
The term
Literature literature
is traditionally is derived
defined as body of
fromworks
written the Latin word
associated to "littera"
imaginative
andwhich
creativemeans
works of"a
poetry
letterandof
prose
theand
can be classified according to variety of
alphabet“.
systems such as language, national origin,
historical period, genre and subject matter.
• Literature can either be in oral or written form. The oral
literature handed down from one generation to another,
then later on transformed into written form. The products
of written literature are called literary text.
The best way to describe the characteristics of literary text

is that:
(1) it narrates a story;
(2) it expresses feelings, thoughts, and ideas which can

either be based from the imagination or real-life
experiences of the author or other people; and
(3) it delivers significant information and crosses

boundaries of time, places, cultures and languages.
Literary structure refers to the organizational method used in literature in which the most common
type is the narrative.
Parts of the narrative structure (or plot) are the exposition, rising action, climax,
falling action, and resolution (denouement).
•THE EXPOSITION
•RISING ACTION
•CLIMAX
•FALLING ACTION
•RESOLUTION
In a much broader context, literary structure is
not only limited to content and form but this may
also refer to "the general features or
characteristic of genre, style, a specific literary
trend, literature as an art form, and finally, art as
a whole" (The Great Soviet Encyclopedia). For
Murphy (n.d.), literary structure may involve
arrangement of various elements according to
purpose, style, and genre to effectively convey
the intended meaning for the audience.
Two Major Forms of Literature
Poetry. This literary type is usually written in lines and is
characterized by having the element of rhythm, sound, imagery, and
form. Its main purpose is to express feelings, thoughts, and ideas. It
can be divided into three types: narrative, dramatic, and lyrical poetry.
It is made up of lines grouped into stanzas.
Can you give an example of a poem written by Jose Rizal?

- Our Mother Tongue
- Mi Ultimo Adois
- Memories of My Hometowm
- Sa aking mga Kababata
- Narrative Poetry. This poetry tells a story
and has the elements of a narrative such as
characters, setting, conflict, etc.
This form describes important events in life
either real or imaginary.
Biag ni Lam-ang
Hudhud at Alim
Bidasari
Iliad and Odyssey
• Lyric Poetry. It is the most common type of poetry that
focuses on expressing feelings rather than telling a
story. It is usually short, simple and easy to understand.
Types: Folksongs, Sonnet, Elegy, Ode, Psalms, Awit
(songs), Corrido
• Dramatic Poetry. This is an emotionally appealing

drama written in verse that tells a story and is intended
to be recited or sung in front of the audience by a
character speaking in poetry.
• Prose. In contrast to poetry, this literary piece applies a
natural flow of speech and grammatical structures which are
mainly consisting of complete sentences arranged logically
and sequentially in a paragraph form.
Fiction. This serves as a product of the writer's wild

imagination and creative thinking where the characters react to
the conflict and various issues central to the main idea of a
literary work. Its three types are: short story, novel, and novella.
The main genres are crime, fantasy, romance, science fiction,
western, inspirational, historical fiction and horror.
Example: Short story, Novel, Play, Legend, Fable

• Non-fiction. These are stories inspired by real
events where the writers aim to present,
interpret, or describe experiences based on
facts. The judgments, opinions, and
commentaries of the writers may be presented
in the form of essays, journals, diaries, feature
articles, editorials.
Example: Biography, Journal, Diaries, Narrative

Essay
Examples of a non-fiction literatures
• Doctrina Christiana – one of the earliest known books printed in the
Philippines. Published in 1593, serves as a teaching of Christianity to
native filipinos during Spanish colonial period. It was written in Spanish
and tagalog ( in both latin script and the ancient baybayin script)
• La Solidaridad – a newspaper published by Filipino reformists in Spain

during the late 19th century.
Written by Jose Rizal, Marcelo H. Del Pillar, Graciano Lopez Jaena
It advocates political reforms and greater rights for Filipinos under
Spanish Rule.
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PROSE AND
POETRY
• prose is a straightforward form of writing that follows natural
flow of languange and doesn’t use line breaks.
• poetry on the other hand often uses structure such as rhyme,
rhythm, and intentional line breaks.
• prose expresses ideas in a straightforward manners and is

organized into sentences and paragraphs, while poetry is made
up of lines grouped into stanzas.
To better appreciate our
literary heritage. To trace the rich heritage of
ideas handed down to us
by our forefathers.
WHY STUDY
PHILIPPINE
LITERATURE?
To understand the great
and noble tradition of the As Filipinos, to take pride in our
different races of the world. own culture and manifest deep
concern for our own culture.
a. Narrative Poetry. This poetry tells a story and has the elements of a narrative such as
characters, setting, conflict, etc.
- This form describes important events in life either real or imaginary.
- There are different Varieties:
1.Epic – this is an extended narrative about heroic exploits often under
supernatural control.
- Biag ni Lam-ang
- Hudhud at Alim
- Bidasari
- Iliad and Odyssey
2. Tales- Stories about supernatural beings.

3. Ballads- simplest and the shortest. It has a simple structure
and tells of a single incident.
b. Dramatic Poetry. This is an emotionally appealing
drama written in verse that tells a story and is intended
to be recited or sung in front of the audience by a
character speaking in poetry.
COMEDY- Greek word “komos” meaning festivity and

revelry.
-purpose: amusement / happy ending.
TRAGEDY- involves the hero who struggles mighty

against dynamic forces until he meets death.
Example: HAMLET by William Shakespeare
(explores theme of revenge, madness, mortality and
corruption)
• MELODRAMA – Arouses immediate and
intense emotion and is usually sad but there
is a happy ending for the principal character.
• FARCE- Exaggerated comedy

- Seeks to arouse mirth by laughable lines.
- Situations are too ridiculous to be true.
Lyric Poetry. It is the most common type of poetry that
focuses on expressing feelings rather than telling a story.
It is usually short, simple and easy to understand. Types:
Folksongs, Sonnet, Elegy, Ode, Psalms, Awit (songs),
Corrido
• FOLKSONGS (AWITING BAYAN) Short poems intended to
be sung. The common theme is love, despair, grief,
doubt, joy, hope and sorrow.
Example: Atin Cu Pung Singsing, Bahay Kubo, Chichirit-chit
SONNET- a 14 line poem dealing with feelings, emotions or

ideas.
Ex: William Shakespeare, Sonnet 18
“Share I compare thee to a summer’s day?
3. Literature 8. Prose 4. Poetry 1. Literary Structure
5. Narrative Poetry 6. Dramatic Poetry 7. Lyric Poetry 9. Fiction
10. Non-fiction 2. Literary Text
1. Refers to the organizational method used in literature in which the most common type is the narrative.
2. The products of written literature.
3. Derived from the Latin word "littera" which means "a letter of the alphabet".
4. This literary type is usually written in lines and is characterized by having the element of rhythm, sound,
imagery, and form.
5. This poetry tells a story and has the elements of a narrative such as characters, setting, conflict, etc.
6. This is an emotionally appealing drama written in verse that tells a story and is intended to be recited or
sung in front of the audience by a character speaking in poetry.
7. It is the most common type of poetry that focuses on expressing feelings rather than telling a story.
8. This literary piece applies a natural flow of speech and grammatical structures which are mainly consisting
of complete sentences arranged logically and sequentially in a paragraph form.
9. This serves as a product of the writer's wild imagination and creative thinking where the characters react to
the conflict and various issues central to the main idea of a literary work.
10. These are stories inspired by real events where the writers aim to present, interpret, or describe
experiences based on facts.

Literature

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__T_RA__R_

Task: Identify and discuss the poetic

Task: Identify the elements of

The best way to describe the characteristics of literary text

(2) it expresses feelings, thoughts, and ideas which can

(3) it delivers significant information and crosses

Can you give an example of a poem written by Jose Rizal?

• Dramatic Poetry. This is an emotionally appealing

Fiction. This serves as a product of the writer's wild

Example: Short story, Novel, Play, Legend, Fable

Example: Biography, Journal, Diaries, Narrative

• La Solidaridad – a newspaper published by Filipino reformists in Spain

• prose expresses ideas in a straightforward manners and is

2. Tales- Stories about supernatural beings.

COMEDY- Greek word “komos” meaning festivity and

TRAGEDY- involves the hero who struggles mighty

• FARCE- Exaggerated comedy

SONNET- a 14 line poem dealing with feelings, emotions or

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