PowerPoint

Presentations to
Accompany

LOOK
Looking Out, Looking
In
Fifth Canadian Edition
By Adler/Proctor
II/Manning/Barfuss/Rolls

Prepared by
Anastasia Bake
St. Clair College

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 Chapter 1

A First Look
at
Interpersonal
Communicati
on

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Chapter 1 Learning Outcomes

1. Why We Communicate.
2. Culture and Communication.
3. The Process of Communication.
4. Communication Principles and
Misconceptions.
5. The Nature of Interpersonal
Communication.
6. What Makes an Effective Communicator?

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Chapter 1 Employability Skills

 Learn Continuously: Assess personal

strengths and areas for development and set
your own learning goals.
 Be Responsible: Set goals and priorities
balancing work and personal life.
 Be Adaptable: Be open and respond
constructively to change, learn from your
mistakes and accept feedback, and cope with
uncertainty.
 Communicate: Speak so others pay attention
and understand.
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Chapter 1 Employability Skills

 Think and Solve Problems: Assess

situations and identify problems.
 Demonstrate Positive Attitudes and
Behaviours: Feel good about yourself and
be confident; deal with people, problems,
and situations with honesty, integrity, and
personal ethics; and recognize your own and
other people’s good efforts.

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LO1: Why We Communicate

LO1: Assess the needs (physical,

identity, social, practical, and cultural)
that communicators
are attempting to satisfy in a given
situation
or relationship.

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Why We Communicate (1 of 13)
Invitation to Insight

What Do You Think?

I think I am an effective
communicator.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
strongly agree strongly
disagree

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Why We Communicate (2 of 13)

• Physical Needs
– Communication is so important that its
presence or absence affects our physical
health.
• For example, placing newborns immediately
in skin-to-skin contact with their mothers
helps with bonding and improves infant
survival rates.
• Referred to as the Golden Hour.

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Why We Communicate (3 of 13)

• Physical Needs
– Studies show that:
• Socially connected live an average of
3.7 years longer than those who are
socially isolated.
• Positive interpersonal relationships in
adulthood also lead to better health.

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Why We Communicate (4 of 13)

• Identity Needs
– Our sense of identity comes from
our communication and interactions
with others.

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Why We Communicate (5 of 13)

• Social Needs
1. Pleasure
2. Affection
3. Companionship
4. Escape
5. Relaxation
6. Control

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Why We Communicate (6 of 13)

Employability Skills
Learn Continuously

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Why We Communicate (7 of 13)

• Social Needs
– Many research studies suggest
that there is a strong link
between effective interpersonal
communication and happiness.

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Why We Communicate (8 of 13)

• Social Needs
– In spite of knowing that
communication
is vital to social satisfaction,
evidence suggests many people
aren’t very successful at
managing their interpersonal
relationships.

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Why We Communicate (9 of 13)
Invitation to Insight
Setting Your Communication
Goals
• Take the survey to rate your
interpersonal communication
skills.

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Why We Communicate (10 of 13)

• Practical Goals
– Instrumental goals: getting
things done.
– For instance, you use communication
to negotiate household duties with a
roommate.

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Why We Communicate (11 of 13)

Employability Skills Feature

• Practical Goals
• Be Responsible

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Why We Communicate (12 of 13)

• Practical Goals
• Through
communication,
we meet our
• physical, safety,
social, and self-
esteem needs
and rise to self-
actualization.
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Why We Communicate (13 of 13)

• Organizational Communication
Theory
– Tells us that communication
activities create patterns that
• affect organizational life.
• create organizational cultures
that are created through
communication processes.
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LO2: Culture and
Communication

LO2: Understand
the cultural aspects
of communication
and cross-cultural
differences.

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Culture and Communication (1 of 4)

• Cultures and Co-Cultures

• Is the complex system of
• learned values, norms, traditions,
languages, and symbols shared by a
group of people.
• Specific culture is a matter of both
perception and definition.

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Culture and Communication (2 of 4)

• Cultures and • For example:

Co-Cultures • Age (e.g., teen, older
• Within a adult)
society, co- • Occupation
cultures • Sexual and/or
romantic identity
• have
different • Physical disability
communicati • Religion
on practices. • Activity (e.g., biker,
gamer)
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Culture and Communication (3 of 4)

• Intercultural Communication as
Interpersonal Communication
• It occurs when members from two or
more cultures/co-cultures interact in a
way that is influenced by their
different symbol systems and cultural
perceptions.

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Culture and Communication (4 of 4)

• Intercultural  Intercultural
Communicatio communication
n as  Applies to both
Interpersonal verbal and
Communicatio nonverbal
n communication
symbols.

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LO3: The Process of
Communication

LO3: Apply the transactional

communication model to a specific
situation.

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The Process of Communication (1 of 7)

• A Linear View
• Communication as a one-way
event
where a message flows from the
sender
to the receiver.
• Referred to as a linear
communication model.

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The Process of Communication (2 of 7)

• A Linear View
– It even happens when we text.
– But it is an inadequate
communication form.
– It lacks the nonverbal cues
available in interpersonal, face-to-
face communication.

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The Process of Communication (3 of 7)

• A Transactional View
– The transactional communication
model expands the linear model.
– Captures the complicated nature of
human communication.
– The simultaneous sending and
receiving
of messages in an ongoing,
irreversible process.

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The Process of Communication (4 of 7)

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The Process of Communication (5 of 7)

• A Transactional View
• Environment
– The field of experiences that lead a
person to make sense of another’s
behaviour.
• Physical environments
• Personal experiences
• Cultural experiences
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The Process of Communication (6 of 7)

• A Transactional View
• Noise
– External, physiological, or
psychological distractions that
interfere with the accurate
transmission and reception of
a message.

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The Process of Communication (7 of 7)

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LO4: Communication Principles
and Misconceptions
LO4: Identify how communication
principles and misconceptions are evident
in a specific relationship.

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Communication Principles and
Misconceptions (1 of 9)

Employability Skills
Be Adaptable

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Communication Principles and
Misconceptions (2 of 9)

• Five
Communication
Principles
• Can be
intentional or
unintentional.
• Communication
is irreversible.
• It’s impossible
not to
communicate.
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Communication Principles and
Misconceptions (3 of 9)

• Communication is unrepeatable.

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Communication Principles and
Misconceptions (4 of 9)

• Communication has a content and

a relational dimension.
• Whenever we communicate, the
message has two dimensions: the
content dimension and the
relational dimension.

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Communication Principles and
Misconceptions (5 of 9)

• Communication
Misconceptions
• More communication is always
better.
• Meanings are in words.
• Successful communication
always involves shared
understanding.
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Communication Principles and
Misconceptions (6 of 9)

• Communication Misconceptions
• A single person or event causes another’s
reaction.

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Communication Principles and
Misconceptions (7 of 9)

• Communication Misconceptions
• Communication can solve all problems.

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Communication Principles and
Misconceptions (8 of 9)

• Online Communication Principles and

Misconceptions
• Consider how widespread social media use is on a
worldwide basis.
• About 500 million tweets are sent daily.
• YouTube viewers watch about 3.25 billion hours
of content each month.
• Snapchat is used by over 187 million people
each day.
• One in four people has a Facebook account.
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Communication Principles and
Misconceptions (9 of 9)

• Online Communication Principles and

Misconceptions
• Following the worldwide COVID-19
pandemic that started in 2020:
• People expanded their social media.
• Used video chat platforms such as Zoom to
keep in touch with friends and families.

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LO5: The Nature of
Interpersonal Communication
LO5: Examine the degree to which
communication is qualitatively
impersonal or interpersonal, as well as
the consequences of this level of
interaction.

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The Nature of Interpersonal
Communication (1 of 4)

• Two Views of Interpersonal

Communication
1. Quantitative
– Interpersonal communication, usually
face-to-face between two individuals.
– Dyad: Two people interacting.
– Impersonal Communication:
Treating others as objects rather than
as individuals.
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The Nature of Interpersonal
Communication (2 of 4)

• Two Views of Interpersonal

Communication
2. Qualitative Interpersonal
Relationships
– Parties consider one another as
unique individuals rather than
objects.
– Characterized by minimal use of
stereotyped labels.
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The Nature of Interpersonal
Communication (3 of 4)

• Characteristics of Qualitative
Interpersonal Relationships
1. Uniqueness (relational
culture)
2. Irreplaceability
3. Interdependence
4. Disclosure
5. Intrinsic rewards
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The Nature of Interpersonal
Communication (4 of 4)

• Personal and Impersonal

Communication: A Matter of
Balance
– Not either interpersonal or
impersonal
– Continuum
– Balance changes with circumstances
– Balance changes with time
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LO6: What Makes an Effective
Communicator?
LO6: Determine your level of
communication competence in a
specific instance or relationship.

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What Makes an Effective
Communicator? (1 of 14)

• Communication Competence
– The ability to accomplish one’s
personal goals in a manner that
maintains or enhances the
relationship in which it occurs.

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What Makes an Effective Communicator? (2
of 14)

• There Is No
“Ideal” Way to
Communicate
– Competence
is situational.
– Competence
can be learned.
 Do you think the
individuals in this
photo are competent
communicators?
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What Makes an Effective Communicator? (3
of 14)

• Characteristics of
Competent Communicators
• A Wide Range of Behaviours
• For example, the TV series
Cobra Kai

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What Makes an Effective
Communicator? (4 of 14)

• Characteristics of Competent
Communicators
• Ability to Choose the Most
Appropriate Behaviour
• Context

• Goal

• Knowledge of the person

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What Makes an Effective Communicator?
(5 of 14)

• Characteristics of Competent
Communicators
• Ability to choose appropriate
behaviours.
• Skill at performing behaviours.
• Cognitive complexity
• The ability to construct a variety of
frameworks for viewing an issue.

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What Makes an Effective
Communicator? (6 of 14)

Employability Skills
Think and Solve Problems

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What Makes an Effective
Communicator? (7 of 14)

Employability Skills
Demonstrate Positive Attitudes
and Behaviours

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What Makes an Effective Communicator?
(8 of 14)

• Characteristics
of Competent
Communicators
• Empathy
• Involves feeling and
experiencing another
person’s situation,
almost as they do.

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What Makes an Effective Communicator?
(9 of 14)

• Characteristics of Competent
Communicators
• Self-Monitoring
• Is one way to understand yourself
and the emotions you feel.
• Commitment

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What Makes an Effective
Communicator? (10 of 14)

• Competence in Intercultural
Communication
• Motivation
• Tolerance for ambiguity
• Open-mindedness

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What Makes an Effective
Communicator? (11 of 14)

• Competence in Intercultural
Communication
• Knowledge and Skill
– Passive observation
– Active strategies
– Self-disclosure

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What Makes an Effective
Communicator? (12 of 14)

• Knowledge and
Skill
– In what ways can
friends from other
cultures enrich your
life?

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What Makes an Effective
Communicator? (13 of 14)

• Metacommunication
• Messages that people exchange,
verbally
or nonverbally, about their
relationship.
• Communication about
communication.

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What Makes an Effective
Communicator? (14 of 14)

What Do You Think Now?

I think I am an effective
communicator.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
strongly agree strongly
disagree

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