Ch.

3 – Configuring a Router

CCNA 2
Version 3.1
Overview

Students completing this module should be able to:

• Name a router
• Set passwords
• Examine show commands
• Configure a serial interface
• Configure an Ethernet interface
• Execute changes to a router
• Save changes to a router
• Configure an interface description
• Configure a message-of-the-day banner
• Configure host tables
• Understand the importance of backups and documentation
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CLI command modes

Router#configure terminal
Router(config)#
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Configuring a router name

Mistake…

Should be…
Router#config t
Router(config)#hostname Tokyo
Tokyo(config)#

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Configuring router passwords

Not recommended, clear text

Encrypts the passwords

above, but…

Use this command instead, password is encryped

Router(config)#enable secret <password>

5
Using exit, end and Control-Z

end
exit

6
Examining the show commands
• show interfaces – Displays all the statistics for all the interfaces on the
router. To view the statistics for a specific interface, enter the show
interfaces command followed by the specific interface and port number.
• show controllers serial – Displays information-specific to the interface
hardware
• show clock – Shows the time set in the router
• show hosts – Displays a cached list of host names and addresses
• show users – Displays all users who are connected to the router
• show history – Displays a history of commands that have been entered
• show flash – Displays information about flash memory and what IOS files are
stored there
• show version – Displays information about the router and the IOS that is
running in RAM
• show ARP – Displays the ARP table of the router
• show protocol – Displays the global and interface specific status of any
configured Layer 3 protocols
• show startup-configuration – Displays the saved configuration located in
NVRAM
• show running-configuration – Displays the configuration currently
running in RAM
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Configuring a serial interface

Configuring an IP Address on an interface…

Router(config)#interface serial 0/0
Router(config-if)#ip address <ip address> <netmask>
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show ip interface command

Router# show ip interface brief

Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol

Ethernet0 131.108.1.11 YES manual up up
Serial0 198.135.2.49 YES manual administratively down down

What is wrong here? The administrator has either done a “shutdown”

on the interface or has forgotten to do a “no shutdown”.

• A serial interface will not show “up” and “up” unless both
ends are properly configured (mostly) and no shutdown
command is used.
• If one router’s configuration looks okay, check the other
router’s configuration.

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 Configuring a serial interface
Lab

Real world

• On serial links that are directly interconnected, as in a lab environment,

one side must be considered a DCE and provide a clocking signal.
• The clock is enabled and speed is specified with the clock rate
command.

Router(config)#interface serial 0/0

Router(config-if)#clock rate 56000
Router(config-if)#no shutdown

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Configuring a serial interface

RouterA RouterB
DTE cable DCE cable
RouterB(config)#inter serial 1
RouterB(config-if)#clock rate ?
Speed (bits per second)
1200
2400
4800
9600
19200
38400
56000
64000
<text omitted>
2000000
4000000

<300-4000000> Choose clockrate from list above

RouterB(config-if)#clock rate 64000

RouterB(config-if)#
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Configuring a serial interface

DTE Cable DCE Cable

How can you tell which end is the DTE and which end is the DCE?
 Look at the label on the cable.
 Look at the connecter between the two cables - The DTE cable will
always be male and the DCE cable will always be female.
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Configuring a serial interface

This end up!

(The wider end is up.)

• Please be very careful when connecting the male and female

V.35 cables together AND when connecting the serial cable to
the router!
• They only connect ONE WAY!
• Be sure the two ends match!
• Don’t force it!

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Executing adds, moves, and changes

running-config startup-config IOS Bootup program

IOS (running) ios (partial)

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Executing adds, moves, and changes
Router#show startup-config
%% Non-volatile configuration memory is not present
No startup-config
file in NVRAM
Router#show running-config
Building configuration...

Current configuration:
!
version 12.0
service timestamps debug uptime Default running-config
service timestamps log uptime file, created in RAM
no service password-encryption
!
hostname Router
!
ip subnet-zero
!
!
interface Ethernet0
no ip address
no ip directed-broadcast
shutdown
!
interface Serial0
no ip address
no ip directed-broadcast
shutdown
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Executing adds, moves, and changes
Router#show running-config
Building configuration...
Current configuration:
!
version 12.0
service timestamps debug uptime The running-config
service timestamps log uptime
no service password-encryption
!
hostname Router
!
ip subnet-zero
!
interface Ethernet0
no ip address
no ip directed-broadcast
shutdown

• The configuration file contains global, process, and interface information that directly affects the
operation of the router and its interface ports.
• All changes to the router are made to the running-config file and take affect immediately on the
router (with just a couple of exceptions).
– IP address
– Routing Protocols
– Router’s Name
– etc.
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copy running-config startup-config

During bootup

running-config
RAM
startup-config
Router# copy running-config startup-config

• Changes to the router are automatically put in the running-config file.

• If the router loses power or reboots, everything in RAM is lost including the running-
config file.
• To make sure the changes to the router’s configuration remain saved, you must copy
the running-config from RAM into the startup-config into NVRAM:

Router# copy running-config startup-config

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copy running-config startup-config

Router#copy running-config startup-config

Destination filename [startup-config]?
Building configuration...

Router#show startup-config
! The startup-config file now
version 12.0 identical to running-config
service timestamps debug uptime and the router will also have
service timestamps log uptime these changes if the router
no service password-encryption
reboots.
!
hostname Router
!
!
ip subnet-zero
!
interface Ethernet0
no ip address
no ip directed-broadcast
shutdown
!

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copy running-config startup-config

Router# copy running-config startup-config

Or
Router# copy running startup
OR
Router# copy run start
OR
Any usage of the command or parameters, so that they are still uniquely recognizable.

WARNING
• This is also incorrect, and will overwrite the startup-config with a blank file.

Router#copy runningconfig startup-config Incorrect file name!

Destination filename [startup-config]? Press <control> C
?Bad filename
Router#

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Displaying the config files

show running-config

show startup-config

These commands can only be done in privilege mode

because they display password information.

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Executing adds, moves, and changes

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Configuring Interfaces

Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#interface serial 0
Router(config-if)#ip add 172.16.10.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#clock rate 64000 (only if DCE)
Router(config-if)#no shutdown

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Interface descriptions

RouterB#show inter e 0
Serial0 is up, line protocol is up
Hardware is HD64570
Description: Engineering LAN, Bldg. 18
Internet address is 10.1.1.1/24

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Interface descriptions
Gateway(config)#inter e 0
Gateway(config-if)#description LAN interface for Marketing
Gateway(config-if)#end
Gateway#
Gateway#show run
Building configuration...
<text omitted>
!
interface Ethernet0
description LAN interface for Marketing
no ip address
no ip directed-broadcast
shutdown
<text omitted>

Gateway#show interface ethernet 0

Ethernet0 is administratively down, line protocol is down
Hardware is Lance, address is 0000.0c34.9ebb (bia 0000.0c34.9ebb)
Description: LAN interface for Marketing
MTU 1500 bytes, BW 10000 Kbit, DLY 1000 usec, rely 252/255, load 1/255
Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec)
ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 04:00:00
<text omitted>
Gateway#copy run start Don’t forget this or next time router
Destination filename [startup-config]? reboots these changes will be lost!
Building configuration...
Gateway#
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Configuring interface description

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Login banners and Configuring message-
of-the-day (MOTD)

Wording is not
the same, but
you get the idea.

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Login banners and Configuring message-
of-the-day (MOTD)
Router(config)#hostname Gateway Prompt changes
Gateway(config)#
Gateway(config)#banner motd # MOTD (Message Of The Day)
Enter TEXT message. End with the character '#'.
Warning!
Stay away! #
Gateway(config)#end
Gateway#exit
Press RETURN to get started.

Warning!
Stay away!

User Access Verification

Password:
Gateway#show run
Building configuration...
<text omitted>
!
hostname Gateway
!
<text omitted>
!
banner motd ^C
Delimiter always shows as “^C”
Warning!
Stay away! ^C
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Host name resolution

Router# ping 172.16.32.1

Router# ping Auckland

Router# telnet 192.168.53.1

Router# telnet Beirut

Router# traceroute 192.168.89.1

Router# traceroute Capetown

• The Cisco IOS software maintains a cache of host name-to-address mappings

for use by EXEC commands.
• This cache speeds up the process of converting names to addresses.
• Host names, unlike DNS names, are significant only on the router on which
they are configured.
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Host name resolution
Configuring Multiple IP Addresses

Router(config)# ip host SantaCruz 172.16.32.1 192.168.53.1

• This does not make the router a DNS (Domain Name Server).
• This command does not turn your router into a DNS server.
• This command does not effect packets entering your router to be
routed.
• This only affects the IOS commands entered at the router prompt.
• Multiple ip addresses can be entered in case one interface is down.
• It is usually a good idea to use the same list of names on all your
router configs.

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Configuring host tables

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 Router(config)# ip domain-lookup
Router#wreh
Translating "wreh"...domain server (255.255.255.255) (Takes a few seconds)
Translating "wreh"...domain server (255.255.255.255) (Takes a few seconds)

Router(config)# no ip domain-lookup
Router#wreh
Translating "wreh"
% Unknown command or computer name, or unable to find computer address

• If you are not using the services of a DNS server, it is best to disable this process.
• DNS (Domain Name Service) is enabled by default with a server address of
255.255.255.255, which is a local broadcast.
• If enabled, with no DNS server on the network, may cause a slight, but irritable
delay when making typing mistakes.
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Configuration backup and documentation

• Configuration files should be stored as backup files in the

event of a problem.
• Configuration files can be stored on a network server, on a
TFTP server, or on a disk stored in a safe place.
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Copying, editing, and pasting configurations

• A TFTP server will allow image and configuration uploads and

downloads over the network.
• The TFTP server can be another router, or it can be a host system.

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Copying, editing, and pasting configurations

• The TFTP host can be any system that has TFTP software loaded and
operating and able to receive files from the TCP/IP network.

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