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    Carbohydrates

    Uploaded by

    Jhon Rey Lagos

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Carbohydrates

    Uploaded by

    Jhon Rey Lagos
    1 views20 pages

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

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    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    1 views20 pages

    Carbohydrates

    Uploaded by

    Jhon Rey Lagos

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 20

    Carbohydrates

    Carbohydrates
    •Even though carbohydrates
    are generally associated with
    providing energy, eating
    refined carbohydrates such
    as pasta can make you tired!
    Understanding the Basics
    • Monomers:
    - Are simple building
    blocks joined
    together for the
    making of a
    polymer.
    Understanding the Basics
    • Polymer
    - A polymer is a
    giant molecule
    made from
    repeating subunits
    of monomers.
    Monomers – Remember
    FOAM
    • Fatty acids and Glycerol – Lipids
    • Organic bases and Nucleotides – Nucleic
    Acids
    • Amino acids – Proteins
    • Monosaccharides - Polysaccharides
    Carbohydrates
    • How was this name formed?
    • Carbohydrates contain carbon,
    hydrogen and oxygen.
    • The carbo- part refers to the
    presence of carbon while the
    hydrate part refers to the presence
    of hydrogen and oxygen
    •
    Monosaccharides
    (CH2O)n

    Trioses (3C) Pentoses (5C) Hexoses (6C)

    Glyceraldehyde, Ribose, Glucose,


    Dihydroxyaceton Deoxyribos Fructose,
    e e Galactose
    Glucose two ways - C6H12O6

    The molecular formula


    for glucose is written
    as C6H12O6. What is the
    Value of n?

    How many types of


    glucose are there? How
    can you differentiate
    between them?
    Glucose
    What are these called
    scientifically?
    Hydroxyl group

    ISOMERS

    Hydroxyl group
    Disaccharides
    • Three most common disaccharides
    • Maltose = glucose + glucose
    • Sucrose = glucose + fructose
    • Lactose = glucose + galactose
    How do Disaccharides form?

    This is a condensation reaction. What is the opposite of a condensation reaction? Hydrolysis


    Polysaccharides
    Types of Polysaccharides Note: Polysaccharides
    are NOT SUGARS!

    They break down into


    Storage Structural
    sugars

    Example: Example: The most important


    Starch Cellulose polysaccharides are
    Glycogen Chitin starch, glycogen and
    cellulose
    Polysaccharides
    • Why can’t we store
    glucose in its natural
    state of cells?
    - Because it will affect
    the osmotic balance of
    the cells.

    - Glucose is also very


    reactive and can In plants In animals,
    glucose is
    interfere with reactions glucose is
    stored in the
    stored in the
    within the cells. form of starch form of
    glycogen
    Starch
    • Starch = amylose + amylopectin

    Starch grains are found in chloroplast in plants and in


    foods such as potato tubers, seed of cereals and legumes
    Amylose
    Amylopectin
    Starch in Animals? No thanks.

    We only roll with Glycogen!

    Glycogen is similar to amylopectin but more branches


    Cellulose
    • Structural function because it is a
    mechanically strong molecule
    • Present in the cell wall of plants
    • Cellulose is a polymer of beta-glucose
    unlike glycogen and starch which are
    polymers of alpha-glucose.

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